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Suggested citation. WHO operational handbook on tuberculosis. Module 3: diagnosis. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2025. Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.

IRIS: https://iris.who.int/server/api/core/bitstreams/c50271a9-05ab-4fe5-be18-a11f3d866369/content

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Citation suggérée. Lignes directrices unifiées de l’OMS sur la tuberculose. Module 5 : prise en charge de la tuberculose chez les enfants et les adolescents [WHO consolidated guidelines on tuberculosis. Module 5: management of tuberculosis in children and adolescents]. Genève, Organisation mondiale de la Santé, 2022. Licence : CC BY-NC-SA 3.0IGO.

IRIS: https://iris.who.int/server/api/core/bitstreams/6fdb1457-9e1e-4827-9840-18e3a039ab21/content

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Traitement de la tuberculose-maladie chez les enfants et les adolescents","18865","1766","4.3 Recommandations unifiées sur les tests et les approches diagnostiques de la tuberculose pertinentes pour les enfants et les adolescents","1755","29017","1765","4.2.4 Suivi et évaluation","1761","18862","1764","4.2.3 Considérations relatives à la mise en oeuvre","18861","1763","4.2.2 Considérations relatives à des sous-groupes","18860","1762","4.2.1 Justification et données probantes","18859","4.2 Algorithmes de décision thérapeutique pour le diagnostic de la tuberculose pulmonaire chez les enfants âgés de moins de 10 ans","18851","1760","4.1.4 Suivi et évaluation","1756","18858","1759","4.1.3 Considérations relatives à la mise en oeuvre","18857","1758","4.1.2 Considérations relatives à des sous-groupes","18856","1757","4.1.1 Justification et données probantes","18855","4.1 Utilisation du test Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra sur les échantillons de liquide d’aspiration gastrique et de selles pour le diagnostic de la tuberculose pulmonaire et de la résistance à la rifampicine","18852","4. Approches diagnostiques de la tuberculose chez les enfants et les adolescents","18847","1754","3. Prévention de la tuberculose","29014","1753","2. Dépistage et investigation des contacts","29013","1752","1.8 Structure du document","1742","29012","1751","1.7 Publication, diffusion, évaluation et expiration","18841","1750","1.6.2 Questions contextuelles","1748","28788","1749","1.6.1 Questions PICO","28787","1.6 Domaines concernés par la mise à jour des lignes directrices","29023","1747","1.5. Recommandations de l’OMS pour la prise en charge de la tuberculose chez les enfants et les adolescents","18836","1746","1.4. Public cible","18835","1745","1.3. Objectifs de ces lignes directrices unifiées de 2022","18906","1744","1.2. Justification de ces lignes directrices unifiées de 2022","18833","1743","1.1. Généralités","26948","1. Introduction ","18831","1741","Résumé","29010","1740","Définitions","18829","1739","Sigles et abréviations","18828","1738","Remerciements","18827",{},[629],{"_133":630,"_135":124,"_136":124,"_137":124,"_138":-5,"_139":140},"573274474954.5944",{},[633],{"_133":634,"_135":124,"_136":124,"_137":124,"_138":-5,"_139":140},"517064475894.8898","Módulo 5: Manejo de la tuberculosis en la población infantil y adolescente",{},"

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2. Cuadro suplementario ","Anexo 1. Recomendaciones de la OMS incorporadas en las directrices sobre el manejo de la TB en la población infantil y adolescente","9. Referencias","8. Prioridades de investigación","7. Situaciones especiales","6.2. Recomendaciones unificadas sobre los modelos de atención de la TB que son pertinentes para la población infantil y adolescente","6.1.4.Seguimiento y evaluación","6.1.3.Consideraciones relativas a la puesta en práctica","6.1.2.Consideraciones relativas a los subgrupos","6.1.1. Justificación y evidencia","6.1. Modelos de atención descentralizados y modelos integrados centrados en la familia para prestar servicios de TB a la población infantil y adolescente","6. Modelos de atención para la detección de casos de TB y la provisión del TPT en la población infantil y adolescente","5.4. Recomendaciones unificadas sobre el tratamiento de la TB en la población infantil y adolescente","5.3.2. Uso de delamanid en menores de 3 años con TB-RR/MDR","5.3.1. Uso de bedaquilina en menores de 6 años con TB-RR/MDR","5.3. Tratamiento de la TB resistente a la rifampicina y multirresistente en la población infantil","5.2.4. Seguimiento y evaluación","5.2.3. Consideraciones relativas a la puesta en práctica","5.2.2. Consideraciones relativas a los subgrupos","5.2.1.Justificación y evidencia","5.2. Esquemas de tratamiento de la meningitis por TB en la población infantil y adolescente","5.1.4. Seguimiento y evaluación","5.1.3. Consideraciones relativas a la puesta en práctica","5.1.2. Consideraciones relativas a los subgrupos","5.1.1. Justificación y evidencia","5.1. Acortamiento del tratamiento dirigido a la población infantil y adolescente con formas de TB farmacosensible que no son graves","5. Tratamiento de la enfermedad por TB en la población infantil y adolescente","4.3. Recomendaciones unificadas sobre los medios de diagnóstico rápido de la TB y estrategias de diagnóstico que son pertinentes para la población infantil y adolescente","4.2.4. Seguimiento y evaluación","4.2.3. Consideraciones relativas a la puesta en práctica","4.2.2. Consideraciones relativas a los subgrupos","4.2.1. Justificación y evidencia","4.2. Algoritmos de decisión sobre el tratamiento para el diagnóstico de la TB pulmonar en menores de 10 años","4.1.4. Seguimiento y evaluación","4.1.3. Consideraciones relativas a la puesta en práctica","4.1.2. Consideraciones relativas a los subgrupos","4.1.1. Justificación y evidencia","4.1. Uso de la prueba Xpert® MTB/RIF Ultra en muestras de aspirado gástrico y heces para el diagnóstico de la TB pulmonar y la resistencia a la rifampicina","4. Enfoques diagnósticos de la TB en la población infantil y adolescente","3. Prevención de la TB","2. Tamizaje de la TB e investigación de contactos","1.8. Estructura del documento","1.7. Publicación, difusión, evaluación y período de validez","1.6.2. Preguntas PICO generales","1.6.1. Preguntas PICO","1.6. Alcance de la actualización de las directrices","1.5. Recomendaciones de la OMS sobre el manejo de la TB en la población infantil y adolescente","1.4. Público destinatario","1.3. Objetivos de las directrices unificadas del 2022","1.2. Fundamento de la elaboración de las directrices unificadas del 2022","1.1. Antecedentes","1. Introducción","Resumen","Definiciones","Abreviaturas y acrónimos","Agradecimientos",{},[753],{"_133":754,"_135":124,"_136":124,"_137":124,"_138":-5,"_139":140},"195746872252.94012","6","ppt1_name","ppt1",{},"

Suggested citation. WHO consolidated guidelines on tuberculosis. Module 5: management of tuberculosis in children and adolescents. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2022. Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0IGO.

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Suggested citation WHO consolidated guidelines on tuberculosis: Module 1: Prevention - infection prevention and control. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2022. Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0IGO.

IRIS: https://iris.who.int/server/api/core/bitstreams/103e343d-9bb1-4bc1-a6f0-95b8ed82b320/content

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Suggested citation. WHO consolidated guidelines on tuberculosis. Module 1: prevention – tuberculosis preventive treatment, second edition. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2024. Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.

IRIS: https://iris.who.int/server/api/core/bitstreams/314ddea2-6fc2-4ff0-9357-a038feca1d31/content

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Suggested citation. WHO consolidated guidelines on tuberculosis. Module 3: diagnosis. Geneva: World Health Organization;
2025. Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.

IRIS: https://iris.who.int/server/api/core/bitstreams/ae20e43e-17fd-4951-b475-3e36e166e7ae/content

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Citation suggérée. Manuel opérationnel de l’OMS sur la tuberculose. Module 5 : prise en charge de la tuberculose chez les enfants et les adolescents [WHO operational handbook on tuberculosis. Module 5: management of tuberculosis in children and adolescents]. Genève, Organisation mondiale de la Santé, 2022. Licence : CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.

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7. Options pour l’évaluation neurocognitive et fonctionnelle à la fin du traitement d’une méningite tuberculeuse","29301","2033","Annexe 6. Posologie des médicaments utilisés dans les schémas thérapeutiques de deuxième intention pour le traitement de la tuberculose multirésistante, par tranche de poids (en-dessous de 46 kg)(a)","29300","2032","Annexe 5. Algorithmes de décision thérapeutique","29299","2031","Annexe 4. Modes opératoires normalisés pour les méthodes de prélèvement d’échantillons","29298","2030","Annexe 3. Méthodes de prélèvement des échantillons","29297","2029","Annexe 2. Test cutané à la tuberculine : réalisation, lecture et interprétation","29296","2028","Annexe 1. Sélection de documents et d’outils sur la tuberculose chez les enfants et les adolescents","24088","2027","8. Références bibliographiques","25725","2232","Messages clés","2020","29295","2104","7.6.3 Prise en charge nutritionnelle des enfants et des adolescents atteints de tuberculose","2026","29294","2103","7.6.2 Diagnostic et traitement de la tuberculose chez les enfants atteints de malnutrition","24084","2102","7.6.1 Introduction","25029","7.6 Prise en charge des enfants atteints de tuberculose et de malnutrition","25030","2025","7.5 Tuberculose chez les enfants atteints de pneumonie aiguë sévère","29293","2101","7.4.8 Faire en sorte que les services antituberculeux soient plus adaptés aux adolescents","2024","29292","2100","7.4.7 Observance insuffisante","24079","2099","7.4.6 Abus de substances psychoactives et présentation tardive pour recevoir des soins","24078","2098","7.4.5 Capacité d’agir et résilience","24077","2097","7.4.4 Apprentissage, aptitudes, éducation, compétences et employabilité","24076","2096","7.4.3 Sécurité et environnement favorable","24075","2095","7.4.2 Relations interpersonnelles et contribution positive à la société","24074","2094","7.4.1 Santé physique et mentale","24073","7.4 Prise en charge des adolescents atteints ou à risque de tuberculose","29291","2093","7.3.3 Soins palliatifs pour les enfants et les adolescents atteints de tuberculose","2023","29290","2092","7.3.2 Soins palliatifs pour les personnes atteintes de tuberculose","29289","2091","7.3.1 Introduction","29287","7.3 Soins palliatifs pour les enfants et les adolescents atteints de tuberculose","25026","2090","7.2.3 Prise en charge des nouveau-nés asymptomatiques de mères atteintes de tuberculose","2022","29288","2089","7.2.2.1 Prise en charge de la tuberculose congénitale et de la tuberculose néonatale","2088","24103","7.2.2 Tuberculose congénitale et tuberculose néonatale","24066","2087","7.2.1 Dépistage de la tuberculose chez les femmes enceintes vivant avec le VIH","29285","7.2 Tuberculose pendant la grossesse et prise en charge des nouveau-nés de mères atteintes de tuberculose-maladie","24064","2086","7.1.8 Syndrome inflammatoire de reconstitution immunitaire","2021","24063","2085","7.1.7.4 TPT chez les enfants et les adolescents vivant avec le VIH sous traitement antirétroviral","2081","29284","2084","7.1.7.3 Ajustements à apporter aux schémas de traitement antirétroviral en cas de traitement antituberculeux","29283","2083","7.1.7.2 Choix du schéma de traitement antirétroviral","29282","2082","7.1.7.1 Moment à choisir pour mettre en route le traitement antirétroviral","29281","7.1.7 Traitement antirétroviral","24062","2080","7.1.6 Traitement préventif au cotrimoxazole","29280","2079","7.1.5 Traitement de la tuberculose chez les enfants et les adolescents vivant avec le VIH","24060","2078","7.1.4 Diagnostic de la tuberculose chez les enfants et les adolescents vivant avec le VIH","24059","2077","7.1.3 Prévention de la tuberculose chez les enfants et les adolescents vivant avec le VIH","24058","2076","7.1.2 Dépistage de la tuberculose chez les enfants et les adolescents vivant avec le VIH","24057","2075","7.1.1 Introduction","29279","7.1 Prise en charge de la tuberculose chez les enfants et les adolescents vivant avec le VIH","24055","24054","2231","2014","29278","2019","6.5 Tuberculose et urgences sanitaires","24051","2122","6.4.3 Éléments à prendre en considération pour la mise en oeuvre","2018","29277","2121","6.4.2 Justification","24049","2120","6.4.1 Généralités","29276","6.4 Prestation de services antituberculeux différenciés","24047","2119","6.3.4 Éléments à prendre en considération pour la mise en oeuvre","2017","29275","2118","6.3.3 Avantages de l’implication du secteur privé dans les soins antituberculeux","24053","2117","6.3.2 Justification","24045","2116","6.3.1 Généralités","24044","6.3 Implication du secteur privé dans les soins aux enfants et aux adolescents atteints de tuberculose","24043","2115","6.2.1.10 Exemples d’expériences nationales de mise en oeuvre de services antituberculeux centrés sur la famille, décentralisés et intégrés pour les enfants et les adolescents","2105","29274","2114","6.2.1.9 Impact socio-économique de la tuberculose sur les enfants et les adolescents et sur les familles","29273","2113","6.2.1.8 Opportunités pour l’intégration des services antituberculeux dans d’autres services","29272","2112","6.2.1.7 Ressources nécessaires","29271","2111","6.2.1.6 Accès aux fournitures pour la réalisation de tests diagnostiques et aux formulations d’antituberculeux adaptées aux enfants","24038","2110","6.2.1.5 Enregistrements et préparation des rapports","24037","2109","6.2.1.4 Soutien au traitement","29270","2108","6.2.1.3 Personnels de santé","29269","2107","6.2.1.2 Cadre réglementaire et orientations stratégiques","24034","2106","6.2.1.1 Implication des parties prenantes","24033","6.2.1 Éléments à prendre en considération pour la mise en oeuvre","2016","24032","6.2 Services antituberculeux décentralisés, centrés sur la famille et intégrés","24031","2015","6.1 Introduction","29268","6. Modèles de soins antituberculeux pour les enfants et les adolescents","24029","2183","5.4.5 Qualité de vie liée à la santé post-tuberculose","2013","24904","2182","5.4.4 Maladie ostéoarticulaire post-tuberculose chez les enfants et les adolescents","29267","2181","5.4.3 Maladie pulmonaire post-tuberculose chez les enfants et les adolescents","29266","2180","5.4.2 Maladie post-méningite tuberculeuse chez les enfants et les adolescents","29265","2179","5.4.1 Santé post-tuberculose","24900","5.4 Orientations pratiques pour l’évaluation et la prise en charge de la santé post-tuberculose chez les enfants et les adolescents","2009","24870","2234","Key messages: treatment of DR-TB","24869","2178","5.3.4.2 Surveillance des effets indésirables|5.3.4.3 Mesures de soutien social et mesures pour favoriser l’observance du traitement","2176","29264","2177","5.3.4.1 Surveillance de la réponse au traitement","24931","5.3.4 Suivi des enfants et des adolescents recevant un traitement pour une tuberculose multirésistante ou résistante à la rifampicine","2012","24930","2175","5.3.3.2 Formulations","2173","29263","2174","5.3.3.1 Posologies","25023","5.3.3 Posologies et formulations des antituberculeux de deuxième intention chez les enfants et les jeunes adolescents","25024","2172","5.3.2.6 Particularités concernant la co-infection tuberculose/VIH","2166","25022","2171","5.3.2.5 Particularités concernant la méningite tuberculeuse","29262","2170","5.3.2.4 Approche pratique pour concevoir des schémas thérapeutiques individualisés pour le traitement de la tuberculose multirésistante et résistante à la rifampicine","29261","2169","5.3.2.3 Schémas thérapeutiques longs individualisés pour les enfants atteints de tuberculose multirésistante et résistante à la rifampicine qui ne sont pas éligibles au schéma thérapeutique standardisé entièrement oral contenant de la bédaquiline","29260","2168","5.3.2.2 Schéma thérapeutique court, entièrement oral et contenant de la bédaquiline pour le traitement de la tuberculose multirésistante ou résistante à la rifampicine chez les enfants","29259","2167","5.3.2.1 Vue d’ensemble et approche pour choisir un schéma thérapeutique","29258","5.3.2 Schémas thérapeutiques pour le traitement de la tuberculose multirésistante ou résistante à la rifampicine chez les enfants et les adolescents","25019","2165","5.3.1 Identification des enfants qui doivent être traités pour une tuberculose multirésistante ou résistante à la rifampicine","25020","5.3 Traitement de la tuberculose multirésistante et résistante à la rifampicine chez les enfants et les adolescents","24928","2233","29257","2164","5.2.12.5 Enregistrement du traitement antituberculeux chez les enfants et les adolescents","2159","24025","2163","5.2.12.4 Enfants et adolescents nécessitant un retraitement pour une tuberculose","29256","2162","5.2.12.3 Échec thérapeutique","29255","2161","5.2.12.2 Interruption du traitement","29254","2160","5.2.12.1 Suivi après la fin du traitement","24922","5.2.12 Suivi et surveillance des enfants et des adolescents sous traitement antituberculeux","2011","29253","2158","5.2.11 Observance du traitement","29252","2157","5.2.10.4 Vue d’ensemble des événements indésirables courants et de leur prise en charge","2153","29251","2156","5.2.10.3 Névrite optique","24920","2155","5.2.10.2 Neuropathie périphérique","24919","2154","5.2.10.1 Hépatotoxicité","24918","5.2.10 Prise en charge des effets indésirables des médicaments utilisés pour le traitement de la tuberculose pharmacosensible","24891","2152","5.2.9 Soutien nutritionnel","24894","2151","5.2.8.2 Indications pour recevoir un traitement adjuvant","2149","29249","2150","5.2.8.1 Indications pour une orientation vers un service spécialisé ou pour une hospitalisation","29248","5.2.8 Autres éléments à prendre en considération dans la prise en charge","24915","2148","5.2.7.5 Supplémentation en pyridoxine","2143","24013","2147","5.2.7.4 Posologie des médicaments de première intention chez les enfants plus âgés et les adolescents pesant plus de 25 kg (à l’exception du schéma intensif court utilisé pour le traitement de la méningite tuberculeuse)","29247","2146","5.2.7.3 Tableau posologique pour le schéma intensif court utilisé pour le traitement de la méningite tuberculeuse","29246","2145","5.2.7.2 Tableaux des doses et des formulations pour le traitement de la tuberculose pharmacosensible chez les enfants et les adolescents","29245","2144","5.2.7.1 Doses recommandées pour les antituberculeux de première intention","29244","5.2.7 Posologie recommandée pour les médicaments de première intention chez les enfants","24877","2142","5.2.6.2. Implementation considerations: treatment of TB meningitis","2140","24914","2141","5.2.6.1 Traitement de la méningite tuberculeuse et de la tuberculose ostéoarticulaire","29243","5.2.6 Traitement de la tuberculose extrapulmonaire pharmacosensible chez les enfants et les adolescents","24912","2139","5.2.5.7 Enfants et jeunes adolescents atteints de tuberculose pulmonaire sévère","2131","24911","2138","5.2.5.6 Enfants ayant été traités pour la tuberculose au cours des 2 années qui précèdent","24910","2136","5.2.5.5 Nourrissons âgés de moins de 3 mois ou pesant moins de 3 kg","24909","2135","5.2.5.4 Enfants atteints de pneumonie aiguë sévère","24908","2134","5.2.5.3 Enfants atteints de malnutrition aiguë sévère","24907","2133","5.2.5.2 Enfants et adolescents vivant avec le VIH","24906","2132","5.2.5.1 Enfants atteints de tuberculose des ganglions lymphatiques périphériques","24905","5.2.5 Considérations relatives à des sous-groupes","24899","2130","5.2.4.4 Fréquence d’administration","2126","29241","2129","5.2.4.3 Éléments à prendre en considération pour la mise en oeuvre du schéma thérapeutique associant isoniazide, rifapentine, moxifloxacine et pyrazinamide","24897","2128","5.2.4.2 Inclusion de l’éthambutol dans la phase intensive du traitement","24896","2127","5.2.4.1 Évaluation en vue de déterminer l’éligibilité au schéma thérapeutique de 4 mois","29240","5.2.4 Éléments à prendre en considération pour la mise en oeuvre","24887","2125","5.2.3 Schémas thérapeutiques recommandés pour le traitement de la tuberculose pulmonaire pharmacosensible chez les enfants","29239","2124","5.2.2 Traitement de la tuberculose pulmonaire chez les enfants et les adolescents","29238","2123","5.2.1 Principes de la prise en charge de la tuberculose","29237","5.2 Traitement de la tuberculose pharmacosensible chez les enfants et les adolescents","24951","2010","5.1 Introduction","29236","5. Traitement des formes pharmacosensibles et pharmacorésistantes de la tuberculose pulmonaire et extrapulmonaire chez les enfants et les adolescents","23959","2230","2002","29235","2008","4.6 Approches diagnostiques : tuberculose pharmacorésistante","29234","2007","4.5 Sévérité de la maladie","23940","2006","4.4 Approches diagnostiques : tuberculose extrapulmonaire","29233","2718","4.3.9.2 Utilisation des algorithmes intégrés de décision thérapeutique","2195","29232","2717","4.3.9.1 Algorithme A (pour les situations où la radiographie thoracique est disponible) et Algorithme B (pour les situations où la radiographie thoracique n’est pas disponible","29231","4.3.9 Algorithmes intégrés de décision thérapeutique pour la tuberculose pulmonaire chez les enfants","2005","29230","2194","4.3.8 Dépistage de l’infection à VIH","23949","2193","4.3.7 Rôle de la radiographie thoracique","29229","2192","4.3.6 Tests pour la recherche d’une infection tuberculeuse","23948","2191","4.3.5.5 Répétition de tests en cas d’utilisation de tests diagnostiques moléculaires rapides recommandés par l’OMS","2186","29228","2190","4.3.5.4 Détection d’un antigène par une technique de flux latéral (détection basée sur des biomarqueurs)","29227","2189","4.3.5.3 Tests diagnostiques moléculaires rapides recommandés par l’OMS pour la recherche de la tuberculose","23956","2188","4.3.5.2 Tests diagnostiques rapides recommandés par l’OMS","29226","2187","4.3.5.1 Types d’échantillon","29225","4.3.5 Confirmation bactériologique","23947","2185","4.3.4 Présentations cliniques atypiques chez les enfants atteints de tuberculose pulmonaire","29224","2184","4.3.3 Examen clinique","29223","2074","4.3.2 Antécédents de contact avec une personne atteinte de tuberculose","23944","2073","4.3.1 Symptômes typiques de la tuberculose pulmonaire","29221","4.3 Approches diagnostiques : tuberculose pulmonaire","29220","2004","4.2 Diagnostic de la tuberculose chez les enfants et les adolescents","23937","2003","4.1 Introduction","29219","24097","2229","1997","29218","2001","3.4 Contrôle de l’infection tuberculeuse","29217","2072","3.3.9 Autres aspects du traitement préventif de la tuberculose chez les enfants et les adolescents","2000","23917","2071","3.3.8.1 Particularités concernant l’observance chez les enfants","2070","29216","3.3.8 Observance du traitement préventif de la tuberculose","23918","2069","3.3.7 Suivi des enfants et des adolescents sous traitement préventif de la tuberculose","23919","2068","3.3.6 Options de schémas de traitement préventif de la tuberculose : tuberculose pharmacorésistante","29215","2067","3.3.5.2 Posologies","2065","29214","2066","3.3.5.1 Éléments à prendre en considération pour la mise en oeuvre","29213","3.3.5 Options de traitement préventif de la tuberculose : tuberculose pharmacosensible","29302","2064","3.3.4.2 Test de libération de l’interféron gamma","2062","23934","2063","3.3.4.1 Test cutané à la tuberculine","23933","3.3.4 Tests de recherche d’une infection tuberculeuse","23924","2061","3.3.3.3 Enfants et adolescents vivant avec le VIH","2058","29211","2060","3.3.3.2 Contacts domestiques et contacts proches non infectés par le VIH d’une personne atteinte de tuberculose pulmonaire : enfants âgés de 5 ans ou plus et adolescents","23931","2059","3.3.3.1 Contacts domestiques et contacts proches non infectés par le VIH d’une personne atteinte de tuberculose pulmonaire : nourrissons et enfants âgés de moins de 5 ans","23930","3.3.3 Exclusion de la présence d’une tuberculose-maladie avant de mettre en route un traitement préventif de la tuberculose","29210","2057","3.3.2.2 Enfants et adolescents qui sont des contacts domestiques","2055","23928","2056","3.3.2.1 Enfants et adolescents vivant avec le VIH","23929","3.3.2 Groupes cibles pour le traitement préventif de la tuberculose","29209","2054","3.3.1 Introduction","23927","3.3 Traitement préventif de la tuberculose","23909","2053","3.2.1.4 Réactions indésirables","2049","29208","2052","3.2.1.3 Contre-indications au BCG","23915","2051","3.2.1.2 Administration du BCG","29207","2050","3.2.1.1 Enfants vivant avec le VIH et nouveau-nés","25004","3.2.1 Recommandations figurant dans la note de synthèse de l’OMS","1999","24965","3.2 Vaccination par le BCG","29205","1998","3.1 Introduction","29204","3. Prévention de la tuberculose chez les enfants et les adolescents","23906","2667","1992","29203","2048","2.4.4 Dépistage chez les adolescents vivant avec le VIH","1996","23905","2047","2.4.3 Considérations relatives à la mise en oeuvre","23904","2046","2.4.2 Autres tests de dépistage","23903","2045","2.4.1 Dépistage des symptômes et d’un contact","29202","2.4 Dépistage chez les enfants et les adolescents vivant avec le VIH","23889","2044","2.3.2 Éléments à prendre en considération pour la mise en oeuvre du dépistage chez les enfants qui sont des contacts proches","1995","23901","2043","2.3.1.4 Tests de recherche d’une infection tuberculeuse","2039","23899","2042","2.3.1.3 Tests diagnostiques moléculaires rapides recommandés par l’OMS","23898","2041","2.3.1.2 Radiographie thoracique","29201","2040","2.3.1.1 Dépistage des symptômes","29200","2.3.1 Dépistage chez les enfants contacts de personnes atteintes de tuberculose confirmée bactériologiquement","25016","2.3 Approches de dépistage de la tuberculose chez les enfants et les adolescents","29199","2038","2.2.4 Exemples d’approches en établissement de santé et d’approches communautaires pour l’investigation des contacts de personnes atteintes de tuberculose","1994","29198","2037","2.2.3 Principales étapes de la mise en oeuvre de l’investigation des contacts","29197","2036","2.2.2 Planification et budgétisation pour la mise en oeuvre ou le renforcement des investigations des contacts domestiques","29196","2035","2.2.1 Établissement des priorités parmi les contacts domestiques","29195","2.2 Investigation des contacts","23887","1993","2.1 Introduction","29194","2. Dépistage de la tuberculose et investigation des contacts","24096","1991","1.6 Public cible","1985","23886","1990","1.5 Structure de ce manuel opérationnel","29186","1989","1.4 Préférences des utilisateurs finaux concernant le contenu et la structure de ce manuel opérationnel","23884","1988","1.3 Justification et objectifs de ce manuel opérationnel","23883","1987","1.2 Les enfants et les adolescents en tant que population vulnérable clé","23882","1986","1.1 Généralités","23881","23880","1984","23878","1983","Abréviations et acronymes","23879","1982","23876",{},[2370],{"_133":2371,"_135":124,"_136":124,"_137":124,"_138":-5,"_139":140},"480558849612.9105",{},[2374],{"_133":2375,"_135":124,"_136":124,"_137":124,"_138":-5,"_139":140},"988095822492.2632",{},"

Cita propuesta: Organización Panamericana de la Salud. Manual operativo de la OMS sobre la tuberculosis. Módulo 5: Manejo de la tuberculosis en la población infantil y adolescente. Washington, DC: OPS; 2023. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.37774/9789275326930.

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Mejor adaptación de los servicios de TB a las necesidades de la población adolescente","7.4.7. Adhesión deficiente","7.4.6. Abuso de sustancias psicoactivas y presentación tardía a los servicios de atención","7.4.5. Sentido de agencia y resiliencia","7.4.4. Aprendizaje, competencias, educación, habilidades y aptitud para el empleo","7.4.3. Seguridad y entorno propicio","7.4.2. Vinculación y contribución positiva a la sociedad","7.4.1. Salud física y mental","7.4. Atención a la población adolescente con TB o en riesgo de contraerla","7.3.3. Cuidados paliativos dirigidos a la población infantil y adolescente con TB","7.3.2. Cuidados paliativos dirigidos a las personas con TB","7.3.1. Introducción","7.3. Cuidados paliativos dirigidos a la población infantil y adolescente con TB","7.2.3. Atención de los neonatos asintomáticos de madres con TB","7.2.2.1. Atención de la TB congénita y neonatal","7.2.2. TB congénita y neonatal","7.2.1. Tamizaje de la TB en las embarazadas con infección por el VIH","7.2. TB durante el embarazo y atención de los recién nacidos de madres con enfermedad por TB","7.1.8. Síndrome inflamatorio de reconstitución inmunitaria ","7.1.7.4. TPT en la población infantil y adolescente con infección por el VIH que reciba tratamiento antirretroviral","7.1.7.3. Ajustes a los esquemas de tratamiento antirretroviral con el tratamiento de la TB","7.1.7.2. Elección del esquema de tratamiento antirretroviral","7.1.7.1. Momento de iniciar el tratamiento antirretroviral","7.1.7. Tratamiento antirretroviral","7.1.6. Tratamiento preventivo con cotrimoxazol","7.1.5. Tratamiento de la TB en la población infantil y adolescente con infección por el VIH","7.1.4. Diagnóstico de la TB en la población infantil y adolescente con infección por el VIH","7.1.3. Prevención de la TB en la población infantil y adolescente con infección por el VIH","7.1.2. Tamizaje de la TB en la población infantil y adolescente con infección por el VIH","7.1.1. Introducción","7.1. Manejo de la TB en la población infantil y adolescente con infección por el VIH","6.5. TB y emergencias de salud","6.4.3. Consideraciones relativas a la puesta en práctica","6.4.2. Fundamento","6.4.1. Antecedentes","6.4. Modelo diferenciado de prestación de servicios dirigido a las personas con TB","6.3.4. Consideraciones relativas a la puesta en práctica","6.3.3. Beneficios de vincular al sector privado en la atención de la TB","6.3.2. Fundamento","6.3.1. Antecedentes","6.3. Participación del sector privado en la atención de la población infantil y adolescente con TB","6.2.1.10. Ejemplos de experiencias de los países en el desarrollo de servicios de TB descentralizados, integrados centrados en la familia dirigidos a la población infantil y adolescente","6.2.1.9. Impacto socioeconómico de la TB en la población infantil, adolescente y sus familias","6.2.1.8. Oportunidades para la integración de los servicios de TB en otros servicios","6.2.1.7. Recursos necesarios","6.2.1.6. Acceso a suministros de diagnóstico y presentaciones de medicamentos para la TB adaptadas a la población infantil","6.2.1.5. Registro y notificación","6.2.1.4. Apoyo al tratamiento","6.2.1.3. Personal de salud","6.2.1.2. Marco regulatorio y orientación normativa","6.2.1.1. Participación de las partes interesadas","6.2.1. Consideraciones relativas a la puesta en práctica","6.2. Servicios de TB descentralizados, integrados centrados en la familia","6.1. Introducción","6. Modelos de atención de la TB en la población infantil y adolescente","5.4.5. Calidad de vida relacionada con la salud después de la TB","5.4.4. Enfermedad osteoarticular después de la TB en la población infantil y adolescente","5.4.3. Enfermedad pulmonar después de la TB en la población infantil y adolescente","5.4.2. Secuelas de la meningitis por TB en la población infantil y adolescente","5.4.1. Salud después de la TB","5.4. Orientación práctica para la evaluación y el manejo de la salud después de la TB en la población infantil y adolescente","5.3.4.2. Seguimiento de los efectos adversos","5.3.4.1. Seguimiento de la respuesta al tratamiento","5.3.4. Seguimiento de la población infantil y adolescente que recibe tratamiento de la TB-RR/MDR","5.3.3.2. Formulaciones","5.3.3.1. Posología","5.3.3. Posología y formulaciones de los medicamentos de segunda línea para la TB en la población infantil y adolescente joven","5.3.2.6. Consideraciones especiales: Coinfección por TB y por el VIH","5.3.2.5 Consideraciones especiales: Meningitis por TB","5.3.2.4. Enfoque práctico para el diseño de esquemas individualizados de tratamiento de la TB‑RR/MDR","5.3.2.3. Esquemas alargados individualizados para niños con TB‑RR/MDR que no cumplen los requisitos para recibir el esquema estandarizado totalmente oral con bedaquilina","5.3.2.2. Esquema acortado totalmente oral con bedaquilina para la TB‑RR/MDR en la población infantil","5.3.2.1. Panorama general y enfoque para seleccionar un esquema de tratamiento","5.3.2. Esquemas de TB-RR/MDR para la población infantil y adolescente","5.3.1. Identificación de los niños que deben recibir tratamiento para la TB-RR/MDR","5.3. Tratamiento de la TB resistente a la rifampicina y multirresistente en la población infantil y adolescente","5.2.12.5. Registro del tratamiento de la TB en la población infantil y adolescente","5.2.12.4. Población infantil y adolescente que necesita tratamiento de la TB ","5.2.12.3. Fracaso del tratamiento","5.2.12.2. Interrupción del tratamiento","5.2.12.1. Seguimiento tras la finalización del tratamiento","5.2.12. Seguimiento y vigilancia de la población infantil y adolescente que recibe tratamiento de la TB","5.2.11. Adhesión al tratamiento","5.2.10.4. Panorama general de los eventos adversos frecuentes y su manejo","5.2.10.3. Neuritis óptica","5.2.10.2. Neuropatía periférica","5.2.10.1. Hepatotoxicidad","5.2.10. Manejo de los eventos adversos de los medicamentos usados para tratar la TB farmacosensible","5.2.9. Apoyo nutricional","5.2.8.2. Indicaciones para el tratamiento adyuvante","5.2.8.1. Indicaciones para la derivación y la hospitalización","5.2.8. Consideraciones adicionales relativas al manejo","5.2.7.5. Aporte suplementario de piridoxina","5.2.7.4. Posología de los medicamentos de primera línea en niños mayores y adolescentes con un peso superior a 25 kg (excluido el esquema intensivo corto para la meningitis por TB)","5.2.7.3. Cuadro de la posología del esquema intensivo corto para la meningitis por TB","5.2.7.2. Cuadros de dosis y formulaciones para el tratamiento de la TB farmacosensible en la población infantil y adolescente","5.2.7.1. Dosis recomendadas de los medicamentos de primera línea para la TB","5.2.7. Posología recomendada de los medicamentos de primera línea en la población infantil","5.2.6.2. Consideraciones relativas a la aplicación: tratamiento de la meningitis por TB ","5.2.6.1. Tratamiento de la meningitis por TB y la TB osteoarticular","5.2.6. Tratamiento de la TB extrapulmonar farmacosensible en la población infantil y adolescente","5.2.5.7. Población infantil y adolescente con TB pulmonar grave","5.2.5.6. Población infantil y adolescente tratada por TB en los últimos dos años","5.2.5.5. Lactantes menores de 3 meses o con un peso inferior a 3 kg","5.2.5.4. Población infantil con neumonía aguda grave","5.2.5.3. Población infantil con desnutrición aguda grave","5.2.5.2. Población infantil y adolescente con infección por el VIH","5.2.5.1. Población infantil con TB ganglionar periférica","5.2.5. Consideraciones relativas a los subgrupos","5.2.4.4. Frecuencia de administración","5.2.4.3. Consideraciones relativas a la puesta en práctica sobre el esquema de isoniacida, rifapentina, moxifloxacina y pirazinamida","5.2.4.2. Inclusión del etambutol en la fase intensiva del tratamiento","5.2.4.1. Evaluación del cumplimiento de los requisitos para recibir el esquema de 4 meses","5.2.4. Consideraciones relativas a la puesta en práctica","5.2.3. Esquemas recomendados para el tratamiento de la TB pulmonar farmacosensible en la población infantil","5.2.2. Tratamiento de la TB pulmonar en la población infantil y adolescente","5.2.1. Principios de manejo de la TB ","5.2. Tratamiento de la TB farmacosensible en la población infantil y adolescente","5.1. Introducción","5. Tratamiento de la TB pulmonar y extrapulmonar farmacosensible y farmacorresistente en la población infantil y adolescente","4.6. Enfoques diagnósticos: TB farmacorresistente","4.5. Gravedad de la enfermedad","4.4. Enfoques diagnósticos: TB extrapulmonar","4.3.9.2. Uso de los algoritmos integrados de decisión sobre el tratamiento","4.3.9.1. Algoritmo A (para entornos con radiografía de tórax) y algoritmo B (para entornos sin radiografía de tórax)","4.3.9. Algoritmos integrados de decisión sobre el tratamiento de la TB pulmonar en la población infantil","4.3.8. Pruebas de detección del VIH","4.3.7. Papel de la radiografía de tórax","4.3.6. Pruebas para detectar la infección por TB","4.3.5.5. Repetición de pruebas con PDRm recomendadas por la OMS","4.3.5.4. Detección de antígenos en un formato de flujo lateral (detección basada en biomarcadores)","4.3.5.3. Pruebas moleculares de diagnóstico rápido de la TB recomendadas por la OMS","4.3.5.2. Pruebas de diagnóstico rápido recomendadas por la OMS","4.3.5.1. Tipos de muestras","4.3.5. Confirmación bacteriológica","4.3.4. Presentaciones clínicas atípicas en la población infantil con TB pulmonar","4.3.3. Exploración clínica","4.3.2. Antecedentes de contacto con un caso de TB","4.3.1. Signos y síntomas típicos de la TB pulmonar","4.3. Enfoques diagnósticos: TB pulmonar","4.2. Diagnóstico de la TB en la población infantil y adolescente","4.1. Introducción","3.4. Prevención y control de la infección por TB","3.3.9. Otras cuestiones relacionadas con el TPT en la población infantil y adolescente","3.3.8.1. Consideraciones especiales relativas a la adhesión en la población infantil","3.3.8. Adhesión al TPT","3.3.7. Seguimiento de la población infantil y adolescente que recibe TPT","3.3.6. Opciones para los esquemas de TPT: TB farmacorresistente","3.3.5.2. Posología","3.3.5.1. Consideraciones relativas a la puesta en práctica","3.3.5. Opciones de esquemas para el TPT: TB farmacosensible","3.3.4.2. Ensayo de liberación de interferón γ","3.3.4.1. Prueba de la tuberculina","3.3.4. Pruebas para detectar la infección por TB","3.3.3.3. Población infantil y adolescente con infección por el VIH","3.3.3.2. Contactos del hogar y contactos estrechos sin infección por el VIH de una persona con TB pulmonar: población infantil de 5 años o más y adolescente","3.3.3.1. Contactos del hogar y contactos estrechos sin infección por el VIH de una persona con TB pulmonar: lactantes y menores de 5 años","3.3.3. Descartar la enfermedad por TB antes de iniciar el TPT","3.3.2.2. Niños y adolescentes que son contactos del hogar","3.3.2.1. Población infantil y adolescente con infección por el VIH","3.3.2. Grupos destinatarios del tratamiento preventivo de la TB ","3.3.1. Introducción","3.3. Tratamiento preventivo de la TB ","3.2.1.4. Reacciones adversas","3.2.1.3. Contraindicaciones de la vacuna BCG","3.2.1.2. Administración de la vacuna BCG","3.2.1.1. Niños con infección por el VIH y recién nacidos","3.2.1. Recomendaciones del documento de posición de la OMS sobre la vacuna BCG","3.2. Vacunación con la BCG","3.1. Introducción","3. Prevención de la TB en la población infantil y adolescente","2.4.4. Tamizaje de la población adolescente con infección por el VIH","2.4.3. Consideraciones relativas a la puesta en práctica","2.4.2. Otras pruebas de tamizaje","2.4.1. Tamizaje de síntomas y contacto","2.4. Tamizaje de la población infantil y adolescente con infección por el VIH","2.3.2. Consideraciones relativas a la puesta en práctica del tamizaje de la TB en niños que son contactos estrechos de un caso de TB","2.3.1.4. Pruebas para detectar la infección por TB","2.3.1.3. Pruebas moleculares de diagnóstico rápido recomendadas por la OMS","2.3.1.2. Radiografía de tórax","2.3.1.1. Tamizaje de síntomas","2.3.1. Tamizaje de los contactos pediátricos de personas con TB confirmada bacteriológicamente","2.3. Enfoques para el tamizaje de la TB en la población infantil y adolescente","2.2.4. Ejemplos de enfoques de investigación de contactos de casos de TB en los establecimientos y en la comunidad","2.2.3. Etapas de ejecución fundamentales en la investigación de contactos","2.2.2. Planificación y elaboración de presupuestos para aplicar o reforzar la investigación de contactos del hogar","2.2.1. Priorización de los contactos del hogar","2.2. Investigación de contactos","2.1. Introducción","1.6. Público destinatario","1.5. Estructura del manual operativo","1.4. Preferencias de los usuarios finales sobre el contenido y la estructura de este manual operativo","1.3. Fundamento y objetivos de este manual operativo","1.2. La población infantil y adolescente como grupo vulnerable clave","Abreviaturas","الوحدة 5: التدبير العلاجي للسل لدى الأطفال والمراهقين",{},"

الاقتباس المقترح. الدليل التشغيلي لمنظمة الصحة العالمية بشأن السل: الوحدة الخامسة. التدبير العلاجي للسل لدى الأطفال والمراهقين؛ 2023. الترخيص CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.

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والمهارات والقدرة على العمل","3.4.7 السلامة والبيئة الداعمة","2.4.7 الترابط والمساهمة الإيجابية في المجتمع","1.4.7 الصحة البدنية والنفسية ","4.7 رعاية المراهقين المصابين بالسل أو المعرضين لخطر الإصابة به","3.3.7 الرعاية المُلطِّفة للأطفال والمراهقين المصابين بالسل","2.3.7 الرعاية المُلطِّفة للأشخاص المصابين بالسل","1.3.7 مقدمة","3.7 الرعاية المُلطِّفة للأطفال والمراهقين المصابين بالسل","3.2.7 التدبير العلاجي للحديثي الولادة العديمي الأعراض المولودين لأمهات مصابات بالسل","1.2.2.7 التدبير العلاجي للسل الخِلْقي والوليدي ","2.2.7 السل الخِلْقي والوليدي ","1.2.7 تحري السل في الحوامل المتعايشات مع فيروس العوز المناعي البشري","2.7 السل أثناء الحمل والتدبير العلاجي للحديثي الولادة المولودين لأمهات مصابات بالسل","8.1.7 متلازمة استنشاء المناعة الالتهابية","4.7.1.7 العلاج الوقائي للسل في الأطفال والمراهقين المتعايشين مع فيروس العوز المناعي البشري الذين يتلقون مضادات الفيروسات القهقرية","3.7.1.7 التعديلات على النُّظم العلاجية بمضادات الفيروسات القهقرية مع علاج السل","2.7.1.7 اختيار النظام العلاجي 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مجال تطوير خدمات مكافحة السل المتكاملة اللامركزية التي تركِّز على الأسرة للأطفال والمراهقين.","9.1.2.6 الأثر الاجتماعي الاقتصادي للسل على الأطفال والمراهقين والأُسر","8.1.2.6 الفرص المتاحة لدمج خدمات مكافحة السل في الخدمات الأخرى","7.1.2.6 المتطلبات من الموارد","6.1.2.6 الحصول على اللوازم التشخيصية والتركيبات الملائمة للأطفال من أدوية السل","5.1.2.6 التسجيل والإبلاغ","4.1.2.6 دعم العلاج","3.1.2.6 القوى العاملة الصحية","2.1.2.6 الإطار التنظيمي والإرشادات بشأن السياسات","1.1.2.6 إشراك أصحاب المصلحة","1.2.6 اعتبارات التنفيذ","2.6 خدمات مكافحة السل المتكاملة اللامركزية التي تُركِّز على الأسرة","1.6 مقدمة","الفصل السادس: نماذج رعاية مرضى السل للأطفال والمراهقين","5.4.5 جودة الحياة المرتبطة بالصحة في مرحلة ما بعد السل","4.4.5 مرض العظام والمفاصل ما بعد السل في الأطفال والمراهقين","3.4.5 المرض الرئوي ما بعد السل في الأطفال والمراهقين","2.4.5 التهاب السحايا ما بعد السل في الأطفال والمراهقين","1.4.5 الصحة ما بعد السل","4.5 إرشادات عملية بشأن تقييم الصحة ما بعد السل وإدارتها في الأطفال 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المقاوِم للريفامبيسين لدى الأطفال والمراهقين","1.3.5 التعرُّف على الأطفال الذين ينبغي علاجهم من السل المقاوِم للأدوية المتعددة/ المقاوِم للريفامبيسين","3.5 علاج السل المقاوِم للأدوية المتعددة/ المقاوِم للريفامبيسين لدى الأطفال والمراهقين","5.12.2.5 تسجيل علاج السل لدى الأطفال والمراهقين","4.12.2.5 الأطفال والمراهقون الذين يحتاجون إلى إعادة العلاج من السل","3.12.2.5 فشل العلاج","2.12.2.5 الانقطاع عن العلاج","1.12.2.5 المتابعة بعد إكمال العلاج","12.2.5 متابعة الأطفال والمراهقين الذين يتلقون علاج السل ومراقبتهم","11.2.5 الالتزام بالعلاج","4.10.2.5 نظرة عامة على الأحداث الضارة الشائعة والتدبير العلاجي لها","3.10.2.5 التهاب العصب البصري","2.10.2.5 اعتلال الأعصاب المحيطي","1.10.2.5 تسمُّم الكَبِد","10.2.5 التدبير العلاجي للأحداث الضارة الناجمة عن الأدوية المستخدمة في علاج السل الحساس للأدوية","9.2.5 الدعم التغذوي","2.8.2.5 دواعي المعالجة الداعمة","1.8.2.5 دواعي الإحالة أو إدخال المستشفى","8.2.5 اعتبارات إضافية خاصة بالتدبير العلاجي","5.7.2.5 مكملات البيريدوكسين","4.7.2.5 إعطاء جرعات أدوية الخط الأول للأطفال الأكبر سنًّا والمراهقين الذين يزيد وزنهم على 25 كغم (ما عدا النظام العلاجي القصير الأمَد المكثَّف لالتهاب السحايا السُّلي)","3.7.2.5 جدول الجرعات للنظام العلاجي المكثَّف القصير الأمَد لالتهاب السحايا السُّلي","2.7.2.5 جداول الجرعات والتركيبات الخاصة بعلاج السل الحساس للأدوية في الأطفال والمراهقين","1.7.2.5 الجرعات المُوصَى بها من أدوية الخط الأول للسل","7.2.5 الجرعات المُوصَى بها من أدوية الخط الأول في الأطفال","2.6.2.5 اعتبارات التنفيذ: علاج التهاب السحايا السُّلي","1.6.2.5 علاج التهاب السحايا السُّلي والسل في العظام والمفاصل","6.2.5 علاج السل خارج الرئة الحساس للأدوية في الأطفال والمراهقين","7.5.2.5 الأطفال والمراهقون الصغار المصابون بالسل الرئوي الوخيم","6.5.2.5 الأطفال والمراهقون الذين عُولجوا من السل خلال العامين السابقَيْن","5.5.2.5 الرُّضَّع الذين تقل أعمارهم عن 3 أشهر أو يقل وزنهم عن 3 كغم","4.5.2.5 الأطفال المصابون بالالتهاب الرئوي الحاد الوخيم","3.5.2.5 الأطفال المصابون بسوء التغذية الحادِّ الوخيم","2.5.2.5 الأطفال والمراهقون المتعايشون مع فيروس العوز المناعي البشري","1.5.2.5 الأطفال المصابون بالسل في العقد اللمفية المحيطية","5.2.5 اعتبارات خاصة بالفئات الفرعية","4.2.2.5 تَكْرار الجرعات","3.4.2.5 اعتبارات تنفيذ النظام العلاجي بالأيزونيازيد والريفابينتين والموكسيفلوكساسين والبيرازيناميد","2.4.2.5 إدراج الإثامبوتول في المرحلة المكثَّفة من العلاج","1.4.2.5 تقييم الأهلية للنظام العلاجي الذي يمتدُّ 4 أشهر","4.2.5 اعتبارات التنفيذ","3.2.5 النُّظُم العلاجية المُوصَى بها لعلاج السل الرئوي المقاوِم للأدوية في الأطفال","2.2.5 علاج السل الرئوي في الأطفال والمراهقين","1.2.5 مبادئ التدبير العلاجي للسل","2.5 علاج السل الحساس للأدوية في الأطفال والمراهقين","1.5 مقدمة","الفصل الخامس: علاج السل الرئوي والسل خارج الرئة الحساسَيْن للأدوية والمقاوِمَيْن لها في الأطفال والمراهقين","نقاط رئيسية:","6.4 أساليب التشخيص: السل المقاوِم للأدوية","5.4 وخامة المرض","4.4 أساليب التشخيص: السل خارج الرئة","2.9.3.4 استخدام خوارزميات قرار العلاج المتكاملة","1.9.3.4 الخوارزمية ألِف (للأماكن التي تمتلك تقنية تصوير الصدر بالأشعة السينية) والخوارزمية باء (للأماكن التي تفتقر إلى تقنية تصوير الصدر بالأشعة السينية)","9.3.4 خوارزميات قرار العلاج المتكاملة للسل الرئوي لدى الأطفال","8.3.4 اختبارات فيروس العوز المناعي البشري","7.3.4 دور تصوير الصدر بالأشعة السينية","6.3.4 اختبارات عدوى السل","5.5.3.4 تكرار اختبارات التشخيص الجزيئي السريع التي توصي بها منظمة الصحة العالمية","4.5.3.4 اكتشاف المستضدات في شكل تدفق جانبي (اكتشاف قائم على المُرقِّمات الحيوية)","3.5.3.4 اختبارات التشخيص الجزيئي السريع التي توصي بها منظمة الصحة العالمية لاكتشاف السل","2.5.3.4 اختبارات التشخيص السريع التي توصي بها منظمة الصحة العالمية","1.5.3.4 أنواع العينات","5.3.4 التأكيد بالفحص البكتريولوجي","4.3.4 الأعراض السريرية غير النمطية للأطفال المصابين بالسل الرئوي","3.3.4 الفحص السريري","2.3.4 تاريخ المخالطة لمرضى السل","1.3.4 الأعراض النموذجية للسل الرئوي","3.4 أساليب التشخيص: السل الرئوي","2.4 تشخيص السل لدى الأطفال والمراهقين","1.4 مقدمة","الفصل الرابع: أساليب تشخيص السل لدى الأطفال والمراهقين","الرسائل الرئيسية","4.3 الوقاية من عدوى السل ومكافحتها","9.3.3 مشكلات أخرى تتعلق بالعلاج الوقائي للسل لدى الأطفال والمراهقين","1.8.3.3 الاعتبارات الخاصة للالتزام بالعلاج لدى الأطفال","8.3.3 الالتزام بالعلاج الوقائي للسل‬","7.3.3 متابعة الأطفال والمراهقين بشأن العلاج الوقائي للسل","6.3.3 خيارات نظم العلاج الوقائي للسل: السل المقاوِم للأدوية","2.5.3.3 الجرعات","1.5.3.3 اعتبارات التنفيذ","5.3.3 خيارات نظم العلاج الوقائي للسل: السل الحساس للأدوية","2.4.3.3 مقايسة إطلاق إنترفيرون-غاما","1.4.3.3 اختبار التوبركولين الجلدي","4.3.3 اختبارات عدوى السل","3.3.3.3 الأطفال والمراهقون المتعايشون مع فيروس العوز المناعي البشري","2.3.3.3 المخالطون المنزليون أو المقربون غير المصابين بفيروس العوز المناعي البشري لشخص مصاب بالسل الرئوي: البالغون والأطفال الذين تبلغ أعمارهم 5 أعوام فأكثر","1.3.3.3 المخالطون المنزليون أو المقربون غير المصابين بفيروس العوز المناعي البشري لشخص مصاب بالسل الرئوي: الرضَّع والأطفال الأقل من 5 أعوام","3.3.3 استبعاد داء السل قبل بدء العلاج الوقائي للسل","2.2.3.3 المخالطون المنزليون الأطفال والمراهقون","1.2.3.3 الأطفال والمراهقون المتعايشون مع فيروس العوز المناعي البشري","2.3.3 الفئات المستهدفة بالعلاج الوقائي للسل","1.3.3 مقدمة","3.3 العلاج الوقائي للسل‬","4.1.2.3 التفاعلات الضارة","3.1.2.3 موانع استعمال لقاح عُصية كالميت غيران","2.1.2.3 إعطاء لقاح عُصية كالميت غيران","1.1.2.3 الأطفال المتعايشون مع فيروس العوز المناعي البشري والأطفال الحديثو الولادة","1.2.3 توصيات من ورقة المواقف الخاصة بمنظمة الصحة العالمية بشأن لقاح عُصية كالميت غيران","2.3 التطعيم بلقاح عُصية كالميت غيران","1.3 مقدمة","الفصل الثالث: الوقاية من السل لدى الأطفال والمراهقين","4.4.2 تحري المراهقين المتعايشين مع فيروس العوز المناعي البشري","3.4.2 اعتبارات التنفيذ","2.4.2 اختبارات التحري الأخرى","1.4.2 التحري من أجل التعرُّف على الأعراض والمخالطة","4.2 تحري الأطفال والمراهقين المتعايشين مع فيروس العوز المناعي البشري","2.3.2 اعتبارات تنفيذ تحري الأطفال المخالطين عن قرب ","4.1.3.2 اختبارات عدوى السل","3.1.3.2 اختبارات التشخيص الجزيئي السريع التي توصي بها منظمة الصحة العالمية","2.1.3.2 تصوير الصدر بالأشعة السينية","1.1.3.2 تحري الأعراض","1.3.2 تحري المخالطين من الأطفال المصابين بالسل المؤكَّد بالفحص البكتريولوجي.","3.2 أساليب تحري السل لدى الأطفال والمراهقين","4.2.2 أمثلة على الأساليب المتَّبعة في المرافق والمجتمع المحلي لاستقصاء المخالطين","3.2.2 خطوات التنفيذ الرئيسية في استقصاء المخالطين","2.2.2 التخطيط وتقدير الميزانية لتنفيذ استقصاء المخالطين المنزليين أو تعزيزه","1.2.2 إعطاء الأولوية للمخالطين المنزليين","2.2 استقصاء المُخالطين","1.2 مقدمة","الفصل الثاني: تحري السل واستقصاء المخالطين","6.1 الجمهور المستهدف","5.1 هيكل الدليل التشغيلي","4.1 تفضيلات المستخدمين النهائيين فيما يتعلق بمحتوى هذا الدليل التشغيلي وهيكله","3.1 الأساس المنطقي لهذا الدليل التشغيلي وأهدافه","2.1 الأطفال والمراهقون باعتبارهم فئة سكانية رئيسية معرضة للخطر","1.1 معلومات أساسية:","الفصل الأول: مقدمة","التعاريف","Abbreviations (الترجمة العربية لهذا الفصل غير متوفرة)","شكر وتقدير",{},"

Suggested citation. WHO operational handbook on tuberculosis. Module 5: management of tuberculosis in children and adolescents. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2022. Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0IGO.

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Learning, competence, education, skills and employability","7.4.3. Safety and a supportive environment","7.4.2. Connectedness and positive contribution to society","7.4.1. Physical and mental health","7.4 Care for adolescents with or at risk of TB","7.3.3. Palliative care for children and adolescents with TB","7.3.2. Palliative care for people with TB","7.3.1. Introduction","7.3 Palliative care for children and adolescents with TB","7.2.3. Management of asymptomatic neonates of mothers with TB","7.2.2.1. Management of congenital and neonatal TB","7.2.2. Congenital and neonatal TB","7.2.1. Screening for TB in pregnant women living with HIV","7.2 TB in pregnancy and management of newborns of mothers with TB disease","7.1.8. Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome","7.1.7.4. TPT in children and adolescents living with HIV on antiretroviral therapy","7.1.7.3. Adjustments to antiretroviral therapy regimens with TB treatment","7.1.7.2. Choice of antiretroviral therapy regimen","7.1.7.1. Timing of antiretroviral therapy","7.1.7. Antiretroviral therapy","7.1.6. Co-trimoxazole preventive therapy","7.1.5. Treatment of TB in children and adolescents living with HIV","7.1.4. Diagnosis of TB in children and adolescents living with HIV","7.1.3. Prevention of TB in children and adolescents living with HIV","7.1.2. TB screening in children and adolescents living with HIV","7.1.1. Introduction","7.1 Management of TB in children and adolescents living with HIV","7. Special situations","6.5 TB and health emergencies","6.4.3. Implementation considerations","6.4.2. Rationale","6.4.1. Background","6.4 Differentiated TB service delivery","6.3.4. Implementation considerations","6.3.3. Benefits of involving the private sector in TB care","6.3.2. Rationale","6.3.1. Background","6.3 Private-sector involvement in care for children and adolescents with TB","6.2.1.10. Examples of country experiences in development of family-centred, decentralized and integrated TB services for children and adolescents","6.2.1.9. Socioeconomic impact of TB on children, adolescents and families","6.2.1.8. Opportunities for integration of TB services into other services","6.2.1.7. Resource requirements","6.2.1.6. Access to diagnostic supplies and child-friendly formulations of TB medicines","6.2.1.5. Recording and reporting","6.2.1.4. Treatment support","6.2.1.3. Health workforce","6.2.1.2. Regulatory framework and policy guidance","6.2.1.1. Stakeholder engagement","6.2.1. Implementation considerations","6.2 Decentralized, family-centred, integrated TB services","6. Models of TB care for children and adolescents","5.4.5. Post-TB health-related quality of life","5.4.4. Post-TB osteoarticular disease in children and adolescents","5.4.3. Post-TB lung disease in children and adolescents","5.4.2. Post-TB meningitis in children and adolescents","5.4.1. Post-TB health","5.4 Practical guidance for assessment and management of post-TB health in children and adolescents","5.3.4.2. Monitoring for adverse effects","5.3.4.1. Monitoring response to treatment","5.3.4. Monitoring of children and adolescents on multidrugresistant and rifampicin-resistant TB treatment","5.3.3.2. Formulations","5.3.3.1. Dosing","5.3.3. Dosing and formulations of second-line TB medicines in children and young adolescents","5.3.2.6. Special considerations: TB/HIV coinfection","5.3.2.5. Special considerations: TB meningitis","5.3.2.4. Practical approach to designing individualized multidrug-resistant and rifampicin-resistant TB treatment regimens","5.3.2.3. Longer individualized regimens for children with multidrug-resistant and rifampicin-resistant TB who are not eligible for the standardized all-oral bedaquiline-containing regimen","5.3.2.2. Shorter all-oral bedaquiline-containing regimen for multidrug-resistant and rifampicin-resistant TB in children","5.3.2.1. Overview and approach to selecting a treatment regimen","5.3.2. Multidrug-resistant and rifampicin-resistant TB treatment regimens for children and adolescents","5.3.1. Identifying children who should be treated for multidrug-resistant and rifampicin-resistant TB","5.3 Treatment of multidrug-resistant and rifampicin-resistant TB in children and adolescents","Key messages: treatment of DS-TB","5.2.12.5. Registration of TB treatment in children and adolescents","5.2.12.4. Children and adolescents requiring retreatment for TB","5.2.12.3. Treatment failure","5.2.12.2. Treatment interruption","5.2.12.1. Follow-up after treatment completion","5.2.12. Follow-up and monitoring of children and adolescents on TB treatment","5.2.11. Treatment adherence","5.2.10.4. Overview of common adverse events and their management","5.2.10.3. Optic neuritis","5.2.10.2. Peripheral neuropathy","5.2.10.1. Hepatotoxicity","5.2.10. Management of adverse events from medicines used to treat drug-susceptible TB","5.2.9. Nutritional support","5.2.8.2. Indications for adjuvant therapy","5.2.8.1. Indications for referral and hospitalization","5.2.8. Additional management considerations","5.2.7.5. Pyridoxine supplementation","5.2.7.4. Dosing of first-line medicines in older children and adolescents over 25 kg (excluding the short intensive TB meningitis regimen)","5.2.7.3. Dosing table for the short intensive TB meningitis regimen","5.2.7.2. Dosage tables and formulations for treatment of drug-susceptible TB in children and adolescents","5.2.7.1. Recommended dosages for first-line TB medicines","5.2.7. Recommended dosing of first-line medicines in children","5.2.6.1. Treatment of TB meningitis and osteoarticular TB","5.2.6. Treatment of drug-susceptible extrapulmonary TB in children and adolescents","5.2.5.7. Children and young adolescents with severe pulmonary TB","5.2.5.6. Children and adolescents treated for TB in past 2 years","5.2.5.5. Infants aged under 3 months or weighing less than 3 kg","5.2.5.4. Children with severe acute pneumonia","5.2.5.3. Children with severe acute malnutrition","5.2.5.2. Children and adolescents living with HIV","5.2.5.1. Children with peripheral lymph node TB","5.2.5. Subgroup considerations","5.2.4.4. Dosing frequency","5.2.4.3. Implementation considerations for the isoniazid, rifapentine, moxifloxacin and pyrazinamide regimen","5.2.4.2. Inclusion of ethambutol in the intensive phase of treatment","5.2.4.1. Assessing eligibility for the 4-month regimen","5.2.4. Implementation considerations","5.2.3. Recommended regimens for treatment of drug susceptible pulmonary TB in children","5.2.2. Treatment of pulmonary TB in children and adolescents","5.2.1. Principles of TB management","5.2 Treatment of drug-susceptible TB in children and adolescents","5. Treatment of drug-susceptible and drug-resistant pulmonary and extrapulmonary TB in children and adolescents","4.6 Diagnostic approaches: drug-resistant TB","4.5 Disease severity","4.4 Diagnostic approaches: extrapulmonary TB","4.3.9.2. Using the integrated treatment decision algorithms","4.3.9.1. Algorithm A (for settings with chest X-ray) and Algorithm B (for settings without chest X-ray)","4.3.9. Integrated treatment decision algorithms for pulmonary TB in children","4.3.8. HIV testing","4.3.7. Role of chest X-ray","4.3.6. Testing for TB infection","4.3.5.5. Repeat testing with molecular WHO-recommended rapid diagnostic tests","4.3.5.4. Antigen detection in a lateral flow format (biomarker-based detection)","4.3.5.3. Molecular WHO-recommended rapid diagnostic tests for TB","4.3.5.2. WHO-recommended rapid diagnostic tests","4.3.5.1. Sample types","4.3.5. Bacteriological confirmation","4.3.4. Atypical clinical presentations of children with pulmonary TB","4.3.3. Clinical examination","4.3.2. History of TB contact","4.3.1. Typical symptoms of pulmonary TB","4.3 Diagnostic approaches: pulmonary TB","4.2 Diagnosing TB in children and adolescents","4. TB diagnostic approaches for children and adolescents","3.4 TB infection prevention and control","3.3.9. Other issues related to TB preventive treatment in children and adolescents","3.3.8.1. Special considerations for adherence in children","3.3.8. Adherence to TB preventive treatment","3.3.7. Follow-up of children and adolescents on TB preventive treatment","3.3.6. Options for TB preventive treatment regimens: drug-resistant TB","3.3.5.2. Dosages","3.3.5.1. Implementation considerations","3.3.5. Options for TB preventive treatment regimens: drug-susceptible TB","3.3.4.2. Interferon-gamma release assay","3.3.4.1. Tuberculin skin testing","3.3.4. Testing for TB infection","3.3.3.3. Children and adolescents living with HIV","3.3.3.2. HIV-negative household and close contacts of a person with pulmonary TB: children and adolescents aged 5 years and over","3.3.3.1. HIV-negative household and close contacts of a person with pulmonary TB: infants and children aged under 5 years","3.3.3. Ruling out TB disease before starting TB preventive treatment","3.3.2.2. Child and adolescent household contacts","3.3.2.1. Children and adolescents living with HIV","3.3.2. Target groups for TB preventive treatment","3.3.1. Introduction","3.3 TB preventive treatment","3.2.1.4. Adverse reactions","3.2.1.3. Contraindications for BCG","3.2.1.2. Administering BCG","3.2.1.1. Children living with HIV and neonates","3.2.1. Recommendations from the WHO BCG position paper","3.2 BCG vaccination","3. Prevention of TB in children and adolescents","2.4.4. Screening of adolescents living with HIV","2.4.3. Considerations for implementation","2.4.2. Other screening tests","2.4.1. Screening for symptoms and contact","2.4 Screening children and adolescents living with HIV","2.3.2. Considerations for implementation of screening of child close contacts","2.3.1.4. Tests for TB infection","2.3.1.3. Molecular WHO-recommended rapid diagnostic tests","2.3.1.2. Chest X-ray","2.3.1.1. Symptom screening","2.3.1. Screening child contacts of people with bacteriologically confirmed TB","2.3 TB screening approaches in children and adolescents","2.2.4 Examples of facility- and community-based approaches for TB contact investigation","2.2.3 Key implementation steps in contact investigation","2.2.2 Planning and budgeting to implement or strengthen household contact investigation","2.2.1 Prioritizing household contacts","2.2 Contact investigation","1.6 Target audience","1.5. Structure of the operational handbook","1.4. Preferences of end-users regarding content and structure of this operational handbook","1.3 Rationale and objectives of this operational handbook","1.2 Children and adolescents as a key vulnerable population","Acknowledgments",{"_99":3686,"_100":3687,"_102":3688,"_104":3689,"_106":-5,"_108":-5},"71bdad93-9fbb-4f10-bd6b-da83d2611b33","Module 2: Systematic screening for tuberculosis disease","systematic-screening-for-tuberculosis-disease-2",{"_110":3690,"_878":3691,"_220":3692,"_218":336,"_222":3693,"_882":1012},{"_112":3694,"_114":3695,"_116":3696,"_118":3697,"_120":3698,"_122":3699},"1275","5879","2842",{"_100":3687,"_125":5059,"_126":5060,"_128":5061,"_130":5062},{"_100":4837,"_125":124,"_126":4838,"_128":4839,"_130":4840},{"_100":4611,"_125":124,"_126":4612,"_128":4613,"_130":4614},{"_100":4381,"_125":124,"_126":4382,"_128":4383,"_130":4384},{"_100":4151,"_125":124,"_126":4152,"_128":4153,"_130":4154},{"_100":3700,"_125":124,"_126":3701,"_128":3702,"_130":3703},"Module 2 : Dépistage systématique de la tuberculose",{},"

Citation suggérée. Manuel opérationnel de l’OMS sur la tuberculose. Module 2 : dépistage. Dépistage systématique de la tuberculose [WHO operational handbook on tuberculosis. Module 2: screening - systematic screening for tuberculosis disease]. Genève, Organisation mondiale de la Santé, 2022. Licence : CC BY-NC-SA 3.0IGO.

IRIS: https://iris.who.int/server/api/core/bitstreams/42531111-43da-4b74-b4c0-39e601e86fe5/content

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Образец библиографической ссылки: Практический справочник ВОЗ по туберкулезу. Модуль 2: скрининг. Систематический скрининг на туберкулез [WHO operational handbook on tuberculosis. Module 2: screening - systematic screening for tuberculosis disease]. Женева: Всемирная организация здравоохранения; 2022 r. Лицензия: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0IGO.

IRIS: https://iris.who.int/server/api/core/bitstreams/301e1517-c871-4d8f-97b0-4314077d06b0/content

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Алгоритмы скрининга среди населения в целом и в группах высокого риска (не включая людей, живущих с ВИЧ)","Библиография","6.4 Алгоритмы скрининга","6.3.3 Рекомендации по внедрению","6.3.2 Прочие скрининговые тесты","6.3.1 Скрининг на наличие симптомов и скрининг среди лиц, находившихся в контакте с больным ТБ","6.3 Скрининг среди детей, живущих с ВИЧ","6.2.5 Рекомендации по внедрению","6.2.4 Тестирование на наличие туберкулезной инфекции","6.2.3 Рекомендованные ВОЗ молекулярные быстрые диагностические тесты","6.2.2 РГК","6.2.1 Скрининг симптомов","6.2 Скрининг детей, находившихся в контакте с больным ТБ","6.1 Введение","Глава 6. Скрининг на туберкулез среди детей","5.4 Алгоритмы скрининга","5.3 Рекомендации по использованию всех инструментов скрининга","5.2.4 Рекомендованные ВОЗ молекулярные быстрые диагностические тесты","5.2.3 Рентгенограмма грудной клетки","5.2.2 С-реактивный белок (СРБ)","5.2.1 Рекомендуемый ВОЗ скрининг четырех клинических симптомов ТБ","5.2 Инструменты скрининга","5.1 Введение","Глава 5. Скрининг на туберкулез среди взрослых и подростков, живущих с ВИЧ","4.3 Онлайн-инструмент для калибровки оборудования для КД для применения в новых условиях","4.2 Набор инструментов для калибровки оборудования для КД","4.1 Рекомендации по выбору и использованию КД для скрининга в рамках программ по борьбе с туберкулезом","Глава 4. Использование технологий КД в новых условиях","3.3 Инструмент для скрининга на туберкулез","3.2.3 Выбор алгоритма для программы скрининга","3.2.2 Варианты алгоритмов скрининга и диагностики","3.2.1 Основные характеристики алгоритмов скрининга и диагностики ТБ","3.2 Алгоритмы скрининга","3.1.5 Тестирование на наличие туберкулезной инфекции","3.1.4 Молекулярный быстрый диагностический тест, рекомендованный ВОЗ для скрининга","3.1.3 Технологии КД для скрининга и медицинской сортировки","3.1.2 Скрининг с помощью РГК","3.1.1 Скрининг симптомов","3.1 Инструменты скрининга","Глава 3. Инструменты и алгоритмы скрининга","2.7.5 Мониторинг временных тенденций для повторного скрининга и изменения приоритетов","2.7.4 Программные оценки","2.7.3 Процедуры учета и отчетности","2.7.2 Предлагаемые индикаторы","2.7.1 Разработка плана для мониторинга и оценки","2.7 Мониторинг, оценка и изменение программы","2.6.6 Пилотные испытания","2.6.5 Мобилизация ресурсов","2.6.4 Вовлечение заинтересованных сторон и партнерских организаций и определение ролей","2.6.3 Этические аспекты","2.6.2 Выбор модели программы скрининга","2.6.1 Требования к планированию, кадровым ресурсам, материалам и составлению бюджета","2.6 Планирование, составление бюджета и внедрение","2.5 Выбор алгоритмов скрининга и диагностики","2.4.6 Анализ экономической эффективности и рентабельности","2.4.5 Количество лиц, подлежащих скринингу, для выявления одного случая ТБ","2.4.4 Потенциальная общая результативность относительно количества достоверных случаев ТБ","2.4.3 Потенциальное влияние на распространенность и передачу инфекции","2.4.2 Потенциальные риски и вред для человека","2.4.1 Потенциальная польза для человека","2.4 Определение и приоритизация групп риска","2.3 Постановка целей и конкретных задач","2.2.6 Защита от стигматизации, дискриминации и вреда","2.2.5 Охват услугами здравоохранения и доступ к медицинскому обслуживанию ","2.2.4 Национальные программы борьбы с туберкулезом и система здравоохранения в целом","2.2.3 Эпидемиология ТБ","2.2.2 Социальный контекст","2.2.1 Проводимые мероприятия в области скрининга и информационно-разъяснительная работа","2.2 Оценка ситуации","2.1.2 Скрининг по инициативе медицинских учреждений для диагностики ТБ","2.1.1 Более широкое использование диагностики ТБ по инициативе пациента","2.1 Введение","Глава 2. Шесть этапов цикла планирования и реализации","1.4 Целевая аудитория данного практического справочника","1.3 Задачи данного практического справочника","1.2 Принципы скрининга на туберкулез","1.1 Обоснование для систематического скрининга на туберкулез","Глава 1. Введение","Определения","Сокращения и акронимы","Выражение благодарности","Алгоритм скрининга","Módulo 2: Rastreamento sistemático da tuberculose doença",{},"

Citação sugerida: Organização Pan-Americana da Saúde. Manual operacional de tuberculose da OMS. Módulo 2: Rastreamento - Rastreamento sistemático da tuberculose doença. Brasília, D.F.; 2024. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.37774/9789275726228.

IRIS: https://iris.paho.org/server/api/core/bitstreams/615f07c6-7b66-4e8b-ac8d-cc0107bd4ab9/content

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IRIS: https://iris.paho.org/server/api/core/bitstreams/76a7a790-5a54-4508-97b5-b24e1a8d7e0b/content

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A.5.6. Tamizaje por síntomas (para menores de 10 años con infección por el VIH)","Figura A.5.5. Tamizaje en serie secuencial negativo por síntomas y radiografía de tórax","Figura A.5.4. Tamizaje en serie secuencial positivo por síntomas y radiografía de tórax","Figura A.5.3. Tamizaje en paralelo por síntomas y radiografía de tórax","Figura A.5.2. Tamizaje por radiografía de tórax","Figura A.5.1. Tamizaje por síntomas","Anexo 5. Algoritmos de tamizaje para la población infantil","Anexo 4. Desempeño comparativo de los algoritmos para los adultos y adolescentes con infección por el VIH","Figura A.3.11. Algoritmo de tamizaje único por PDRm para personas con infección por el VIH","Figura A.3.10. Algoritmo de tamizaje único por PDRm recomendada por la OMS para pacientes hospitalizados en servicios médicos con prevalencia de TB superior a 10%","Figura A.3.9. Algoritmo de tamizaje secuencial negativo por examen de cuatro síntomas recomendado por la OMS y radiografía de tórax","Figura A.3.8. Algoritmo de tamizaje secuencial positivo por examen de cuatro síntomas recomendado por la OMS y radiografía de tórax","Figura A.3.7. Algoritmo de tamizaje en paralelo por examen de cuatro síntomas recomendado por la OMS y radiografía de tórax","Figura A.3.6. Algoritmo de tamizaje secuencial negativo por examen de cuatro síntomas recomendado por la OMS y prueba de proteína C‑reactiva","Figura A.3.5. Algoritmo de tamizaje secuencial positivo por examen de cuatro síntomas recomendado por la OMS y prueba de proteína C‑reactiva","Figura A.3.4. Algoritmo de tamizaje en paralelo por examen de cuatro síntomas recomendado por la OMS y prueba de proteína C‑reactiva","Figura A.3.3. Algoritmo de tamizaje único por radiografía de tórax","Figura A.3.2. Algoritmo de tamizaje único por prueba de proteína C‑reactiva","Figura A.3.1. Algoritmo de tamizaje único por examen de cuatro síntomas recomendado por la OMS","Anexo 3. Algoritmos de tamizaje para adultos y adolescentes con infección por el VIH","Anexo 2. Desempeño comparativo de los algoritmos de tamizaje para la población general y los grupos en riesgo alto (sin incluir a las personas con infección por el VIH)","Figura A.1.10. Tamizaje por PDRm recomendada por la OMS","Figura A.1.9. Tamizaje por radiografía de tórax","Figura A.1.8. Tamizaje en serie secuencial negativo por cualquier síntoma de TB y radiografía de tórax","Figura A.1.7. Tamizaje en serie secuencial positivo por tos y radiografía de tórax","Figura A.1.6. Tamizaje en paralelo por cualquier síntoma de TB y radiografía de tórax","Figura A.1.5. Tamizaje por cualquier síntoma de TB","Figura A.1.4. Tamizaje en serie secuencial negativo por tos y radiografía de tórax","Figura A.1.3. Tamizaje en serie secuencial positivo por tos y radiografía de tórax","Figura A.1.2. Tamizaje en paralelo por tos y radiografía de tórax","Figura A.1.1. Tamizaje por tos","Anexo 1. Algoritmos de tamizaje para la población general y los grupos en riesgo alto (sin incluir a las personas con infección por el VIH)","Referencias","6.4 Algoritmos de tamizaje","6.3.3 Consideraciones relacionadas con la ejecución","6.3.2 Otras pruebas de tamizaje","6.3.1 Tamizaje por síntomas y contacto","6.3 Tamizaje en la población infantil con infección por el VIH","6.2.5 Consideraciones relacionadas con la ejecución","6.2.4 Pruebas para detectar la infección por TB","6.2.3 Pruebas moleculares de diagnóstico rápido recomendadas por la OMS","6.2.2 Radiografía de tórax","6.2.1 Tamizaje por síntomas","6.2 Tamizaje de la población infantil que es contacto de pacientes con TB","6.1 Introducción","Capítulo 6. Tamizaje de la enfermedad por TB en la población infantil","5.4 Algoritmos de tamizaje","5.3 Consideraciones relacionadas con el uso de todas las herramientas de tamizaje","5.2.4 Pruebas moleculares de diagnóstico rápido recomendadas por la OMS","5.2.3 Radiografía de tórax","5.2.2 Proteína C reactiva","5.2.1 Examen de cuatro síntomas recomendado por la OMS","5.2 Herramientas de tamizaje","5.1 Introducción","Capítulo 5. Tamizaje de la enfermedad por TB en adultos y adolescentes con infección por el VIH","4.3 Herramienta en línea de calibración de la DAC en un entorno nuevo","4.2 Estuche de calibración de la DAC para facilitar la ejecución","4.1 Consideraciones relacionadas con la elección y el uso de DAC para el tamizaje en los programas de TB","Capítulo 4. Uso de tecnologías de DAC en un entorno nuevo","3.3 Herramienta ScreenTB","3.2.3 Elección del algoritmo para un programa de tamizaje","3.2.2 Opciones de algoritmos de tamizaje y diagnóstico","3.2.1 Características básicas de los algoritmos de tamizaje y diagnóstico de la TB","3.2 Algoritmos de tamizaje","3.1.5 Pruebas para detectar la infección por TB","3.1.4 Pruebas moleculares de diagnóstico rápido recomendadas por la OMS para tamizaje","3.1.3 Tecnologías de DAC para tamizaje y triaje","3.1.2 Tamizaje por radiografía de tórax","3.1.1 Tamizaje por síntomas","3.1 Herramientas de tamizaje","Capítulo 3. Herramientas y algoritmos de tamizaje","2.7.5 Seguimiento de tendencias temporales para repetir el tamizaje y modificar la priorización","2.7.4 Evaluaciones programáticas","2.7.3 Medidas sistemáticas de registro y notificación","2.7.2 Indicadores propuestos","2.7.1 Elaboración de un plan de seguimiento y evaluación","2.7 Seguimiento, evaluación y modificación del programa","2.6.6 Ensayos preliminares","2.6.5 Movilización de recursos","2.6.4 Inclusión de las partes interesadas y organizaciones asociadas y definición de funciones","2.6.3 Consideraciones éticas","2.6.2 Elección de un modelo de programa de tamizaje","2.6.1 Requisitos de planificación, recursos humanos, productos básicos y presupuesto","2.6 Planificación, presupuestación y ejecución","2.5 Elección de algoritmos de tamizaje y diagnóstico","2.4.6 Análisis de costo-efectividad y costo-beneficio","2.4.5 Número necesario de personas a las que se debe realizar el tamizaje para detectar un caso de TB","2.4.4 Rendimiento total posible de casos verdaderos de TB","2.4.3 Impacto posible sobre la prevalencia y la transmisión","2.4.2 Riesgos teóricos y daños posibles para la persona","2.4.1 Posibles beneficios para las personas","2.4 Definición y priorización de los grupos en riesgo","2.3 Definición de metas y objetivos específicos","2.2.6 Protección contra la estigmatización, la discriminación y el daño","2.2.5 Cobertura de atención de salud y acceso a los servicios de salud","2.2.4 Programas nacionales de TB y el sistema general de atención de salud","2.2.3 Características epidemiológicas de la TB","2.2.1 Actividades de tamizaje y extensión actuales","2.2 Evaluación de la situación","2.1.2 Vía de tamizaje de la TB a instancias del prestador de atención","2.1.1 Mejorar la vía iniciada por el paciente hacia el diagnóstico de la TB","2.1 Introducción","Capítulo 2. Las seis etapas del ciclo de planificación y ejecución","1.4 Público destinatario del manual operativo","1.3 Objetivos del manual operativo","1.2 Principios del tamizaje de la TB","1.1 Fundamento del tamizaje sistemático de la TB","Capítulo 1. Introducción","Algoritmo de detección","الوحدة الثانية: التحري التحري المنهجي لداء السل ",{},"

االقتبـاس املقـرح. الدليـل التشـغييل ملنظمـة الصحـة العامليـة بشـأن السـل: الوحـدة الثانيـة. التحـري املنهجـي لـداء السـل؛ .2023 الرتخيصIGO 3.0 SA-NC-BY CC

IRIS: https://iris.who.int/server/api/core/bitstreams/1513a02c-5778-4e9a-a6cd-c475ee870463/content

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(ما عدا الأشخاص التي تعاني من فريوس العوز المناعي)","الشكل م .1.10 – التحري باستخدام اختبار التشخيص الجزيئي السريع","الشكل م 1.9 – التحري بالصورة الشعاعية للصدر","الشكل م .1.8 – التحري التسلسلي المتسلسل السلبي مع أي أعراض لمرض السل والصورة الشعاعية للصدر","الشكل م .1.7 – التحري التسلسلي المتسلسل الإيجابي مع أي أعراض لمرض السل والصورة الشعاعية للصدر","الشكل م 1.6 – التحري المتوازي مع أي أعراض لمرض السل والصورة الشعاعية للصدر","الشكل م 1.5 – تحري أي أعراض لمرض السل","الشكل م .1.4 – التحري التسلسلي المتسلسل السلبي مع السعال والصورة الشعاعية للصدر","الشكل م .1.3 – التحري التسلسلي المتسلسل الإيجابي مع السعال والصورة الشعاعية للصدر","الشكل م.1.2 – التحري المتوازي مع السعال والصورة الشعاعية للصدر ","الشكل م.1.1 – تحري السعال","الملحق 1: خوارزميات التحري لعموم السكان والفئات الشديدة التعرض للخطر (ما عدا الأشخاص المتعايشين مع فيروس العوز المناعي البشري)","4.6 خوارزميات التحري","3.3.6 اعتبارات التنفيذ","2.3.6 اختبارات التحري الأخرى","1.3.6 التحري من أجل التعرف على الأعراض والمخالطة","3.6 تحري 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الحاسوب في مكان جديد","3.3 أداة تحري السل ScreenTB","3.2.3 اختيار خوارزمية لبرنامج التحري","2.2.3 خيارات خوارزميات التحري والتشخيص","1.2.3 السمات الأساسية لخوارزميات تحري السل وتشخيصه","2.3 خوارزميات التحري","5.1.3 اختبارات عدوى السل","4.1.3 وسائل التشخيص الجزيئي السريع التي توصي بها منظمة الصحة العالمية للتحري","3.1.3 تقنيات الاكتشاف بمساعدة الحاسوب للتحري والفرز","2.1.3 التحري باستخدام تصوير الصدر بالأشعة السينية","1.1.3 تحري الأعراض","1.3 أهداف التحري","الفصل الثالث: أدوات التحري وخوارزمياته","5.7.2 رصد الاتجاهات الزمنية لإعادة التحري وإعادة تحديد الأولويات"," 4.7.2 تقييمات البرامج","3.7.2 التسجيل والإبلاغ","2.7.2 ‏المؤشرات المقتَرَحة","1.7.2 وضع خطة للرصد والتقييم","7.2 رصد البرنامج وتقييمه وتعديله","6.6.2 التشغيل التجريبي","5.6.2 تعبئة الموارد","4.6.2 إشراك أصحاب المصلحة والمنظمات الشريكة وتحديد الأدوار","3.6.2 الاعتبارات الأخلاقية","2.6.2 اختيار نموذج لبرنامج التحري","1.6.2 متطلبات التخطيط، والموارد البشرية، والسلع، وإعداد الميزانية","6.2 التخطيط وإعداد الميزانية والتنفيذ","5.2 اختيار خوارزميات التحري والتشخيص","6.4.2 الفاعلية لقاء التكاليف وتحليل التكاليف والمنافع","5.4.2 عدد الأشخاص المطلوب خضوعهم للتحري لاكتشاف شخص مصاب بالسل","4.4.2 الحصيلة الإجمالية المحتملة لحالات السل الحقيقية","3.4.2 التأثير المحتمل على معدل الانتشار وانتقال العدوى","2.4.2 المخاطر والأضرار المحتملة للفرد","1.4.2 المنافع المحتملة للفرد","4.2 تحديد الفئات المعرضة للخطر وإعطاؤها الأولوية","3.2 وضع الغايات والأهداف المحددة","6.2.2 الحماية من الوصم والتمييز والأذى","5.2.2 التغطية بالرعاية الصحية والوصول إلى الخدمات الصحية","4.2.2 البرامج الوطنية لمكافحة السل ونظام الرعاية الصحية العامة","3.2.2 الخصائص الوبائية للسل","2.2.2 السياق المجتمعي","1.2.2 أنشطة التحري والأنشطة الإيصالية القائمة","2.2 تقييم الوضع","2.1.2 مسار التحري الذي يبادر به مقدم الخدمات لتشخيص السل","1.1.2 تعزيز المسار الذي يبادر به المرضى لتشخيص الإصابة بالسل","الفصل الثاني: الخطوات الست في دورة التخطيط والتنفيذ","4.1 الجمهور المستهدف بالدليل التشغيلي","3.1 أهداف الدليل التشغييل","2.1 مبادئ تحري السل","1.1 الأساس المنطقي للتحري المنهجي لداء السل:","Abbreviations and acronyms (الترجمة العربية لهذا الفصل غير متوفرة)","14",{},"

Suggested citation. WHO operational handbook on tuberculosis. Module 2: screening - systematic screening for tuberculosis disease. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2021. Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0IGO.

IRIS: https://iris.who.int/server/api/core/bitstreams/0499385e-45b0-429d-942e-9bd65bbaff2d/content

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Screening tools and algorithms","2.7.5 Monitoring time trends for re-screening and re-prioritization","2.7.4 Programmatic evaluations","2.7.3 Routines for recording and reporting","2.7.2 Proposed indicators","2.7.1 Developing a plan for monitoring and evaluation","2.7 Monitoring, evaluating and modifying the programme","2.6.6 Pilot-testing","2.6.5 Mobilizing resources","2.6.4 Involving stakeholders and partner organizations and establishing roles","2.6.3 Ethical considerations","2.6.2 Choosing a screening programme model","2.6.1 Requirements for planning, human resources, commodities and budgeting","2.6 Planning, budgeting and implementing ","2.5 Choosing algorithms for screening and diagnosis","2.4.6 Cost–effectiveness and cost–benefit analyses","2.4.5 Number needed to screen to detect a person with TB","2.4.4 Potential total yield of true TB cases ","2.4.3 Potential impact on prevalence and transmission ","2.4.2 Potential risks and harms for the individual ","2.4.1 Potential benefits for the individual ","2.4 Identifying and prioritizing risk groups","2.3 Setting goals and specific objectives","2.2.6 Protection from stigmatization, discrimination and harm ","2.2.5 Health-care coverage and access to health services","2.2.4 National TB programmes and the general health-care system","2.2.3 Epidemiology of TB ","2.2.2 Societal context ","2.2.1 Existing screening and outreach activities","2.2 Assessing the situation","2.1.2 The provider-initiated screening pathway to TB diagnosis","2.1.1 Enhancing the patient-initiated pathway to TB diagnosis","Chapter 2. The six steps in the planning and implementation cycle","1.4 Target audience of the operational handbook","1.3 Objectives of the operational handbook","1.2 Principles of TB screening ","1.1 Rationale for systematic screening for TB disease","Chapter 1. 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Suggested citation. WHO consolidated guidelines on tuberculosis. Module 6: tuberculosis and comorbidities, second edition. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2025. Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.

IRIS: https://iris.who.int/server/api/core/bitstreams/c7e3e53f-e6d5-4f9f-a72e-86afbda89cea/content

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Suggested citation. WHO operational handbook on tuberculosis. Module 6: tuberculosis and comorbidities, second edition. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2024. Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.

IRIS: https://iris.who.int/server/api/core/bitstreams/ee05ee42-19c4-4211-9d05-133c6e287d0d/content

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Citation suggérée. Manuel opérationnel de l'OMS sur la tuberculose. Module 1 : prévention - traitement préventif de la tuberculose [WHO operational handbook on tuberculosis. Module 1: prevention - tuberculosis preventive treatment]. Genève, Organisation mondiale de la Santé, 2021. Licence : CC BY-NC-SA 3.0IGO.

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Образец библиографической ссылки: Практический справочник ВОЗ по туберкулезу. Модуль 1. Профилактика: профилактическое лечение туберкулеза [WHO operational handbook on tuberculosis. Module 1: prevention - tuberculosis preventive treatment]. Женева: Всемирная организация здравоохранения; 2021. Лицензия: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.

IRIS: https://iris.who.int/server/api/core/bitstreams/ec099517-f6e8-46da-b193-9cefed238a83/content

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Forma de cita propuesta: Manual operativo de la OMS sobre la tuberculosis. Módulo 1: Prevención. Tratamiento preventivo de la tuberculosis. Washington, D.C.: Organización Panamericana de la Salud; 2022. Licencia: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO. https://doi.org/10.37774/9789275325100.

IRIS: https://iris.paho.org/server/api/core/bitstreams/28e70402-7ae0-4eea-8e0f-def5556daac6/content

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Suggested citation. WHO operational handbook on tuberculosis. Module 1: prevention - tuberculosis preventive treatment, second edition. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2024. Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.

IRIS: https://iris.who.int/server/api/core/bitstreams/9260fff0-c7ec-4a7f-982e-435b3301f7a2/content

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Suggested citation. WHO operational handbook on tuberculosis. Module 1: prevention - infection prevention and control. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2023. Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.

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Citation suggérée. Lignes directrices unifiées de l’OMS sur la tuberculose. Module 2 : dépistage. Dépistage systématique de la tuberculose [WHO consolidated guidelines on tuberculosis. Module 2: screening - systematic screening for tuberculosis disease]. Genève, Organisation mondiale de la Santé, 2022. Licence : CC BY-NC-SA 3.0IGO.

IRIS: https://iris.who.int/server/api/core/bitstreams/302b6891-e7a7-4806-a0b5-8d7b072c1609/content

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Образец библиографической ссылки: Сводное руководство ВОЗ по борьбе с туберкулезом. Модуль 2: скрининг. Систематический скрининг на туберкулез [WHO consolidated guidelines on tuberculosis. Module 2: screening - systematic screening for tuberculosis disease]. Женева: Всемирная организация здравоохранения; 2022 r. Лицензия: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.

IRIS: https://iris.who.int/server/api/core/bitstreams/266ce6b4-b6ea-483c-94e2-63b3a0129604/content

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Suggested citation. WHO consolidated guidelines on tuberculosis. Module 2: screening – systematic screening for tuberculosis disease. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2021. Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0IGO.

IRIS: https://iris.who.int/server/api/core/bitstreams/0633a78b-581c-47f2-a148-bad704cc0e50/content

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Suggested citation. WHO consolidated guidelines on tuberculosis. Module 4: treatment and care. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2025. Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.

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Suggested citation. WHO operational handbook on tuberculosis. Module 4: treatment and care. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2025. Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.

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منظمة الصحة العالمية","Aviso: este texto no fue traducido por la OMS","Disclaimer: This text was not translated by WHO","24611b7c-8d86-4c0d-9308-adf5a6409cad","HEPATITISHOMECARD",{"_110":8599},{"_112":8600,"_118":8601,"_120":8602,"_122":8603,"_114":8604,"_116":8605},{"_8369":8606,"_8371":8372},{"_8369":8610,"_8371":8372},{"_8369":8609,"_8371":8372},{"_8369":8608,"_8371":8372},{"_8369":8607,"_8371":8372},{"_8369":8606,"_8371":8372},"Hepatitis","التهاب الكبد","Hépatite","Гепатит","Hepatite","bee4dbe9-d79c-4366-a569-230d3742d5a1","All",{"_110":8614},{"_112":8615,"_114":8616,"_116":8617,"_118":8618,"_120":8619,"_122":8620},{"_8369":8612,"_8371":8372},{"_8369":8625,"_8371":8372},{"_8369":8624,"_8371":8372},{"_8369":8623,"_8371":8372},{"_8369":8622,"_8371":8372},{"_8369":8621,"_8371":8372},"Tout","Всё","Tudo","Todo","الكلّ","3d812686-875a-4ef0-ba22-3c5b455064ce","HIVHOMECARD",{"_110":8629},{"_112":8630,"_118":8631,"_120":8632,"_122":8633,"_114":8634,"_116":8635},{"_8369":5499,"_8371":8372},{"_8369":5499,"_8371":8372},{"_8369":8638,"_8371":8372},{"_8369":8636,"_8371":8372},{"_8369":8637,"_8371":8372},{"_8369":8636,"_8371":8372},"VIH","فيروس نقص المناعة البشري","ВИЧ","2784f891-1a88-43e9-8f80-b63498298a52","SEARCHGUIDELINES",{"_110":8642},{"_112":8643,"_114":8644,"_116":8645,"_118":8646,"_120":8647,"_122":8648},{"_8369":8414,"_8371":8372},{"_8369":8653,"_8371":8372},{"_8369":8652,"_8371":8372},{"_8369":8651,"_8371":8372},{"_8369":8650,"_8371":8372},{"_8369":8649,"_8371":8372},"Directives de recherche","Руководство по поиску (Rukovodstvo po poisku)","Diretrizes de pesquisa","Directrices de búsqueda"," مبادئ توجيهية للبحث (Mabādiʾ tawjīhiyyaẗ lil-baḥth)","0b9f5dfd-ea7c-4c33-a6b2-fc36797562e1","STIHOMECARD",{"_110":8657},{"_112":8658,"_118":8659,"_120":8660,"_122":8661,"_114":8662,"_116":8663},{"_8369":8669,"_8371":8372},{"_8369":8668,"_8371":8372},{"_8369":8667,"_8371":8372},{"_8369":8666,"_8371":8372},{"_8369":8665,"_8371":8372},{"_8369":8664,"_8371":8372},"Infecciones de Transmisión Sexual","الأمراض المنقولة جنسياً","Infections Sexuellement Transmissibles","Инфекции, передаваемые половым путём","Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis","Sexually Transmitted Infections","ad8e1e3a-20d7-409c-9ae5-414722f63df2","TBHOMECARD",{"_110":8673},{"_112":8674,"_118":8675,"_120":8676,"_122":8677,"_114":8678,"_116":8679},{"_8369":8680,"_8371":8372},{"_8369":8682,"_8371":8372},{"_8369":8683,"_8371":8372},{"_8369":8682,"_8371":8372},{"_8369":8681,"_8371":8372},{"_8369":8680,"_8371":8372},"Tuberculosis","السل","Tuberculose","Туберкулёз","e82540d2-3e69-4ff1-9dbf-ec67acdb5cbb","STIPAGETITLE",{"_110":8687},{"_112":8688,"_114":8689,"_116":8690,"_118":8691,"_120":8692,"_122":8693},{"_8369":8669,"_8371":8372},{"_8369":8665,"_8371":8372},{"_8369":8664,"_8371":8372},{"_8369":8668,"_8371":8372},{"_8369":8667,"_8371":8372},{"_8369":8666,"_8371":8372},"7f2660f5-30cf-43a0-a319-ff187fdaed4c","MODULE4:TREATMENT",{"_110":8697},{"_122":8698,"_116":8699,"_120":8700,"_118":8701},{"_8369":8705},{"_8369":8704},{"_8369":8703},{"_8369":8702},"Módulo 4: Tratamento","Модуль 4: Лечение","Modulo 4. Tratamiento","Module 4: Traitement","ddae2ed6-2cfd-4e29-aab5-a1fd59f2263e","MODULE3:DIAGNOSIS",{"_110":8709},{"_122":8710,"_116":8711,"_114":8712,"_120":8713,"_118":8714},{"_8369":8719},{"_8369":8718},{"_8369":8717},{"_8369":8716},{"_8369":8715},"Módulos 3: Diagnóstico","Модуль 3: Диагностика","الوحدة النمطية 3: ‏التشخيص","Módulo 3: Diagnóstico","Module 3: Diagnostic","aea2e9e6-f00b-4320-a273-1906011fd74e","MODULE2:SCREENING",{"_110":8723},{"_122":8724,"_120":8725,"_116":8726,"_114":8727,"_118":8728},{"_8369":8733},{"_8369":8732},{"_8369":8731},{"_8369":8730},{"_8369":8729}," Módulo 2: Triagem","الوحدة الثانية: التحري","Módulo 2: Tamizaje","Модуль 2: Скрининг","Module 2 : Dépistage","e7ca566f-36ee-499f-9999-a2b1e55e0eb3","HEPATITISPAGETITLE",{"_110":8737},{"_112":8738,"_118":8739,"_120":8740,"_122":8741,"_114":8742,"_116":8743},{"_8369":8606,"_8371":8372},{"_8369":8610,"_8371":8372},{"_8369":8609,"_8371":8372},{"_8369":8608,"_8371":8372},{"_8369":8607,"_8371":8372},{"_8369":8606,"_8371":8372},"443cd150-edad-46b1-a8fb-6806fe3bf2db","TB",{"_110":8747},{"_112":8748,"_118":8749,"_120":8750,"_122":8751,"_114":8752,"_116":8753},{"_8369":8680,"_8371":8372},{"_8369":8682,"_8371":8372},{"_8369":8683,"_8371":8372},{"_8369":8682,"_8371":8372},{"_8369":8681,"_8371":8372},{"_8369":8680,"_8371":8372},"ecc2f1b0-2c17-417b-84c6-95fcd299c493","REPORTS",{"_110":8757},{"_112":8758,"_114":8759,"_116":8760,"_118":8761,"_122":8762,"_120":8763},{"_8369":8606,"_8371":8774},{"_8369":8772,"_8371":8773},{"_8369":8770,"_8371":8771},{"_8369":8768,"_8371":8769},{"_8369":8766,"_8371":8767},{"_8369":8764,"_8371":8765},"Отчеты","

Отчеты о ходе работы, тематические исследования и отчеты об опросах; Глобальные стратегии сектора здравоохранения по ВИЧ, вирусному гепатиту и инфекциям, передаваемым половым путем, на период 2022-2030 годов, соответственно

\n","Rapports","

Rapports d'avancement, études de cas et enquêtes ; Stratégies mondiales du secteur de la santé concernant respectivement le VIH, l'hépatite virale et les infections sexuellement transmissibles pour la période 2022-2030

\n","Relatórios","

Relatórios de progresso, estudo de caso e pesquisa; Estratégias Globais do Setor de Saúde sobre, respectivamente, HIV, hepatite viral e infecções sexualmente transmissíveis para o período de 2022-2030

\n","Informes","

Informes de progreso, estudios de caso y encuestas; Estrategias Mundiales del Sector de la Salud sobre, respectivamente, el VIH, la hepatitis vírica y las infecciones de transmisión sexual para el período 2022-2030

\n","تقارير","

تقارير مرحلية، ودراسات حالة، وتقارير استطلاعية؛ استراتيجيات قطاع الصحة العالمي بشأن، على التوالي، فيروس نقص المناعة البشرية، والتهاب الكبد الفيروسي، والأمراض المنقولة جنسياً للفترة 2022-2030

\n","

Progress, case study, and survey reports; Global Health Sector Strategies on, respectively, HIV, viral hepatitis and sexually transmitted infections for the period 2022-2030

\n","08715883-79e0-434d-8f93-d139e38f777f","GUIDELINESANDPOLICYBRIEFS",{"_110":8778},{"_112":8779,"_114":8780,"_116":8781,"_118":8782,"_122":8783,"_120":8784},{"_8369":8680,"_8371":8795},{"_8369":8793,"_8371":8794},{"_8369":8791,"_8371":8792},{"_8369":8789,"_8371":8790},{"_8369":8787,"_8371":8788},{"_8369":8785,"_8371":8786},"Руководства и аналитические записки","

Руководства ВОЗ, аналитические записки, инструменты внедрения, технические записки и другие документы

\n","Directives et Notes d'Orientation","

Directives de l'OMS, notes d'orientation, outils de mise en œuvre, notes techniques et autres documents

\n","Diretrizes e Notas de Política","

Diretrizes da OMS, notas de política, ferramentas de implementação, notas técnicas e outros documentos

\n","Directrices y Notas de Política","

Directrices de la OMS, notas de política, herramientas de implementación, notas técnicas y otros documentos

\n","المبادئ التوجيهية وموجزات السياسات","

مبادئ منظمة الصحة العالمية التوجيهية، وموجزات السياسات، وأدوات التنفيذ، والموجزات الفنية، ووثائق أخرى

\n","

WHO Guidelines, policy briefs, implementation tools, technical briefs, and other documents

\n","3c4968f2-76b1-4354-ac5c-91433b1de32c","DATA",{"_110":8799},{"_112":8800,"_114":8801,"_116":8802,"_118":8803,"_122":8804,"_120":8805},{"_8369":5499,"_8371":8816},{"_8369":8814,"_8371":8815},{"_8369":8812,"_8371":8813},{"_8369":8810,"_8371":8811},{"_8369":8808,"_8371":8809},{"_8369":8806,"_8371":8807},"Данные","

Отчеты о глобальном прогрессе, панели визуализации данных (например, страновые профили), информационные бюллетени и базы данных

\n","Données","

Rapports d'avancement mondiaux, tableaux de bord de visualisation de données (c'est-à-dire, profils de pays), fiches d'information et bases de données

\n","Dados","

Relatórios de progresso global, painéis de visualização de dados (ou seja, perfis de país), fichas informativas e bases de dados

\n","Datos","

Informes de progreso global, paneles de visualización de datos (es decir, perfiles de país), hojas informativas y bases de datos

\n","البيانات","

تقارير التقدم العالمية، لوحات معلومات تصور البيانات (مثل، الملفات القطرية)، صحائف الحقائق، وقواعد البيانات

\n","

Global progress reports, data visualization dashboards (i.e. country profiles), fact sheets, and databases

\n","e92ef172-0ac6-4e89-bfe5-ef14d59ab08b","MODULE1:PREVENTION",{"_110":8820},{"_122":8821,"_120":8822},{"_8369":8824},{"_8369":8823},"Модуль 1. Профилактика","Module 1: Prévention","26d9b105-f69b-442d-9ac1-0f8abc819be8","HIVPAGETITLE",{"_110":8828},{"_112":8829,"_118":8830,"_120":8831,"_122":8832,"_114":8833,"_116":8834},{"_8369":5499,"_8371":8372},{"_8369":5499,"_8371":8372},{"_8369":8638,"_8371":8372},{"_8369":8636,"_8371":8372},{"_8369":8637,"_8371":8372},{"_8369":8636,"_8371":8372},"cd60da96-3a84-4cf7-9ed1-4a9f07e7db6f","FOOTERLI2",{"_110":8838},{"_112":8839,"_114":8840,"_116":8841,"_118":8842,"_122":8843,"_120":8844},{"_8369":8850,"_8371":8372},{"_8369":8849,"_8371":8372},{"_8369":8848,"_8371":8372},{"_8369":8847,"_8371":8372},{"_8369":8846,"_8371":8372},{"_8369":8845,"_8371":8372},"Политика конфиденциальности","Politique de confidentialité","Política de Privacidade","Política de privacidad","سياسة الخصوصية","Privacy Policy","171094a7-34d6-46ad-800d-5b65d14ed737","FOOTERLI1",{"_110":8854},{"_112":8855,"_114":8856,"_116":8857,"_118":8858,"_122":8859,"_120":8860},{"_8369":8866,"_8371":8372},{"_8369":8865,"_8371":8372},{"_8369":8864,"_8371":8372},{"_8369":8863,"_8371":8372},{"_8369":8862,"_8371":8372},{"_8369":8861,"_8371":8372},"Глобальные программы по ВИЧ, гепатиту и ИППП","Programmes Mondiaux de lutte contre le VIH, l'hépatite et les IST","Programas Globais de HIV, Hepatite e ISTs","Programas Mundiales de VIH, Hepatitis e ITS","البرامج العالمية لفيروس نقص المناعة البشري والتهاب الكبد والأمراض المنقولة جنسيا","Department for HIV, Tuberculosis, Hepatitis and Sexually Transmitted Infections","3746e34e-e046-40bb-b842-71d15c42cd84","ELIMINATIONANDVALIDATION",{"_110":8870},{"_112":8871,"_114":8872,"_116":8873,"_118":8874,"_122":8875,"_120":8876},{"_8369":8882,"_8371":124},{"_8369":8881,"_8371":124},{"_8369":8880,"_8371":124},{"_8369":8879,"_8371":124},{"_8369":8878,"_8371":124},{"_8369":8877,"_8371":124},"Устранение и валидация","Élimination et validation","Eliminação e validação","Eliminación y validación","الإزالة والتحقق","Elimination and Validation","9f56cd85-d6d0-4d0e-b5a0-5ad36f1d9553","AISEARCHWELCOME",{"_110":8886},{"_112":8887,"_114":8888,"_116":8889,"_118":8890,"_122":8891,"_120":8892},{"_8369":8903,"_8371":8904},{"_8369":8901,"_8371":8902},{"_8369":8899,"_8371":8900},{"_8369":8897,"_8371":8898},{"_8369":8895,"_8371":8896},{"_8369":8893,"_8371":8894},"Добро пожаловать в поиск ИИ HHS","

Эта поисковая система использует искусственный интеллект (ИИ) для генерации
ответов и предоставления информации. Хотя мы стремимся обеспечить
точность и актуальность предоставляемой информации, ИИ может
иногда выдавать неверную или устаревшую информацию...

\n","Bienvenue dans la recherche IA du HHS","

Ce moteur de recherche utilise l'intelligence artificielle (IA) pour générer
des réponses et fournir des informations. Bien que nous nous efforcions d'assurer l'
exactitude et la pertinence des informations fournies, l'IA peut
ocasionnellement produire des informations incorrectes ou obsolètes...

\n","Bem-vindo à pesquisa de IA do HHS","

Este motor de busca utiliza inteligência artificial (IA) para gerar
respostas e fornecer informações. Embora nos esforcemos para garantir a
precisão e a relevância das informações fornecidas, a IA pode
ocasionalmente produzir informações incorretas ou desatualizadas...

\n","Bienvenido a la búsqueda de IA de HHS","

Este motor de búsqueda utiliza inteligencia artificial (IA) para generar
respuestas y proporcionar información. Si bien nos esforzamos por garantizar la
precisión y relevancia de la información proporcionada, la IA puede
ocasionalmente producir información incorrecta o desactualizada...

\n","مرحبًا بك في بحث الذكاء الاصطناعي الخاص بـ HHS","

يستخدم محرك البحث هذا الذكاء الاصطناعي (AI) لتوليد
الاستجابات وتوفير المعلومات. بينما نسعى جاهدين لضمان
دقة وأهمية المعلومات المقدمة، قد ينتج الذكاء الاصطناعي
أحيانًا معلومات غير صحيحة أو قديمة...

\n","Welcome to the HHS AI search","

This search engine utilizes artificial intelligence (AI) to generate responses and provide information. While we strive to ensure the accuracy and relevance of the information provided, the AI may occasionally produce incorrect or outdated information...

\n","6f987b6a-da4d-4e04-a6a5-ff6764950472","VALIDATIONOFELIMINATION",{"_110":8908},{"_112":8909,"_114":8910,"_116":8911,"_118":8912,"_122":8913,"_120":8914},{"_8369":8882,"_8371":8922},{"_8369":8920,"_8371":8921},{"_8369":8880,"_8371":8919},{"_8369":8879,"_8371":8918},{"_8369":8878,"_8371":8917},{"_8369":8915,"_8371":8916},"Устранение и проверка","

Материалы, связанные с Устранение и проверка ВИЧ, гепатита B и сифилиса, путем к элиминации и профилактикой передачи от матери ребенку

\n","

Documents relatifs à la elimination et validation du VIH, de l'hépatite B et de la syphilis, voie vers l'élimination et prévention de la transmission mère-enfant

\n","

Materiais relacionados à eliminação e validação do HIV, hepatite B e sífilis, caminho para a eliminação e prevenção da transmissão vertical

\n","

Materiales relacionados con la eliminación y validación del VIH, la hepatitis B y la sífilis, camino hacia la eliminación y prevención de la transmisión maternoinfantil

\n","القضاء والتحقق","

مواد متعلقة بالتحقق من إزالة فيروس نقص المناعة البشرية والتهاب الكبد B والزهري، وطريق الإزالة والوقاية من انتقال العدوى من الأم إلى الطفل

\n","

Materials related to elimination and validation of HIV, hepatitis B and syphilis, path to elimination and prevention of mother-to-child transmission

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Эта поисковая система использует искусственный интеллект (ИИ) для создания ответов и предоставления информации. Хотя мы стремимся обеспечить точность и актуальность предоставленной информации, ИИ может иногда производить неправильную или устаревшую информацию ...

\n","Bienvenue à la recherche HHS AI","

Ce moteur de recherche utilise l'intelligence artificielle (IA) pour générer des réponses et fournir des informations. Bien que nous nous efforçons d'assurer la précision et la pertinence des informations fournies, l'IA peut parfois produire des informations incorrectes ou obsolètes ...

\n","Bem -vindo à pesquisa do HHS AI","

Este mecanismo de pesquisa utiliza inteligência artificial (AI) para gerar respostas e fornecer informações. Enquanto nos esforçamos para garantir a precisão e a relevância das informações fornecidas, a IA pode ocasionalmente produzir informações incorretas ou desatualizadas ...

\n","مرحبًا بك في بحث HHS AI","

يستخدم محرك البحث هذا الذكاء الاصطناعي (AI) لإنشاء ردود وتوفير المعلومات. بينما نسعى جاهدين لضمان دقة وأهمية المعلومات المقدمة ، يجوز لمنظمة العفو الدولية أن تنتج في بعض الأحيان معلومات غير صحيحة أو قديمة ...

\n","Bienvenido al HHS AI Search","

Este motor de búsqueda utiliza inteligencia artificial (IA) para generar respuestas y proporcionar información. Si bien nos esforzamos por garantizar la precisión y relevancia de la información proporcionada, la IA ocasionalmente puede producir información incorrecta o obsoleta ...

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Департамент глобальных программ по ВИЧ, гепатиту и инфекциям, передающимся половым путем, руководит разработкой и осуществлением глобальных стратегий сектора здравоохранения по ВИЧ, вирусному гепатиту и инфекциям, передающимся половым путем, с целью прекращения эпидемии СПИДа и эпидемий вирусного гепатита и ИППП к 2030 году

","VIH, hépatite et plateforme de partage des connaissances IST","

Le ministère du VIH mondial, de l'hépatite et des programmes d'infections sexuellement transmissibles entraîne le développement et la mise en œuvre des stratégies mondiales du secteur de la santé sur le VIH, l'hépatite virale et les infections sexuellement transmissibles pour la fin des aides et les épidémies de l'hépatite virale et des STI d'ici 2030

","HIV, hepatite e ISTs Plataforma de compartilhamento de conhecimento","

O Departamento de Programas Globais de HIV, Hepatite e Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis lidera o desenvolvimento e a implementação das estratégias do setor de saúde global sobre HIV, hepatite viral e infecções sexualmente transmissíveis para acabar com a AIDS e as epidemias de hepatite viral e ISTs até 2030

","VIH, hepatitis y ITS Plataforma de intercambio de conocimientos","

El Departamento de Programas Mundiales sobre el VIH, la Hepatitis y las Infecciones de Transmisión Sexual lidera el desarrollo y la implementación de las estrategias del sector de la salud mundial sobre el VIH, la hepatitis vírica y las infecciones de transmisión sexual para poner fin al SIDA y a las epidemias de hepatitis vírica e ITS para 2030

","منصة تبادل المعرفة حول فيروس نقص المناعة البشرية والتهاب الكبد والأمراض المنقولة جنسياً","

تقود إدارة فيروس نقص المناعة البشرية والتهاب الكبد والتهاب العدوى المنقولة جنسياً بتطوير وتنفيذ استراتيجيات قطاع الصحة العالمي على فيروس نقص المناعة البشرية والتهاب الكبد الفيروسي والتهابات المنقولة عن طريق الاتصال الجنسي لإنهاء الإيدز ووبائية التهاب الكبد الفيروسي وبين الأمراض المنقولة جنسياً بحلول عام 2030

","HIV, Tuberculosis, Hepatitis and STIs Knowledge Sharing Platform","

Access the latest WHO guidelines on HIV, TB, Hepatitis and STI, with associated material to support implementation

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Involucrar a comunidades empoderadas y a la sociedad civil

\n","

إشراك المجتمعات المُمكّنة والمجتمع المدني

\n","

Mobiliser les communautés autonomisées et la société civile

\n","

Привлекать расширенные правами и возможностями сообщества и гражданское общество

\n","

Engajar comunidades capacitadas e a sociedade civil

\n","

Engage empowered communities and civil society

\n","99149f49-af1f-440b-9750-dd83b75036f0","PREVIOUS",{"_110":10098},{"_112":10099,"_116":10100,"_114":10101,"_118":10102,"_122":10103,"_120":10104},{"_8369":10109,"_8371":8372},{"_8369":10107,"_8371":8372},{"_8369":10108,"_8371":8372},{"_8369":10107,"_8371":8372},{"_8369":10106,"_8371":8372},{"_8369":10105,"_8371":8372},"Предыдущий","Précédent","Anterior","السابق","Previous","f15e988b-5139-4d0b-bbc5-cd6bdf0590f3","NOBOOKMARKSFOUND",{"_110":10113},{"_112":10114,"_116":10115,"_114":10116,"_118":10117,"_122":10118,"_120":10119},{"_8369":10125,"_8371":8372},{"_8369":10124,"_8371":8372},{"_8369":10123,"_8371":8372},{"_8369":10122,"_8371":8372},{"_8369":10121,"_8371":8372},{"_8369":10120,"_8371":8372},"Закладки не найдены","Aucun favori trouvé","Nenhum favorito encontrado","لا توجد إشارات مرجعية","No se encontraron marcadores","No Bookmarks 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Generar y utilizar datos para impulsar decisiones para la acción

\n","

توليد البيانات واستخدامها لتوجيه القرارات نحو العمل

\n","

Produire et utiliser des données pour orienter les décisions et les actions

\n","

Генерировать и использовать данные для принятия решений, направленных на действия

\n","

Gerar e usar dados para orientar decisões para ação

\n","

Generate and use data to drive decisions for action

\n","148cf18e-18ec-47a3-b0e8-0a8be019d7ba",{"_110":10324},{"_112":10325,"_118":10326,"_120":10327,"_122":10328,"_114":10329,"_116":10330},{"_8369":9396,"_8371":8372},{"_8369":9392,"_8371":8372},{"_8369":9395,"_8371":8372},{"_8369":9394,"_8371":8372},{"_8369":9393,"_8371":8372},{"_8369":9392,"_8371":8372},"86ab3a86-c1e3-41fe-a7d0-961311ed0662","SUMMARYOFRECOMMENDATIONS",{"_110":10334},{"_112":10335,"_116":10336,"_114":10337,"_118":10338,"_122":10339,"_120":10340},{"_8369":10346,"_8371":8372},{"_8369":10345,"_8371":8372},{"_8369":10344,"_8371":8372},{"_8369":10343,"_8371":8372},{"_8369":10342,"_8371":8372},{"_8369":10341,"_8371":8372},"Краткое изложение рекомендаций","Résumé des recommandations","Resumo das recomendações","ملخص التوصيات","Resumen de recomendaciones","Summary of Recommendations","645f1214-c178-4387-83ed-8120dde80ae1","HOMEPAGEABOUTUS2",{"_110":10350},{"_112":10351,"_114":10352,"_116":10353,"_118":10354,"_122":10355,"_120":10356},{"_8369":10357,"_8371":8461},{"_8369":10357,"_8371":10362},{"_8369":10357,"_8371":10361},{"_8369":10357,"_8371":10360},{"_8369":10357,"_8371":10359},{"_8369":10357,"_8371":10358},"About us","

Работа ВОЗ/HHS руководствуется

Глобальными стратегиями сектора здравоохранения по ВИЧ, вирусному

гепатиту и инфекциям, передаваемым половым путем, на период

2022-2030 гг. (ГСЗС). Новые стратегии предлагают общее видение по прекращению эпидемий и

достижению всеобщего охвата услугами здравоохранения, первичной медико-санитарной помощи и санитарной

безопасности в мире, где все люди имеют доступ к высококачественным,

основанным на фактических данных и ориентированным на нужды человека медицинским услугам. ГСЗС содействуют

достижению конкретных целей по ликвидации СПИДа и эпидемий вирусного

гепатита и инфекций, передаваемых половым путем, к 2030 году, при этом

следующие 5 стратегических направлений обеспечивают общую руководящую

основу для достижения этих целей

\n","

Le travail de l'OMS/HHS est guidé par les

Stratégies mondiales du secteur de la santé concernant respectivement le VIH, l'hépatite

virale et les infections sexuellement transmissibles pour la période

2022-2030 (SMSS). Les nouvelles stratégies proposent une vision commune pour mettre fin aux épidémies et

faire progresser la couverture sanitaire universelle, les soins de santé primaires et la sécurité sanitaire dans 1 un monde où toutes les personnes ont accès à des services de santé de haute qualité,

fondés sur des données probantes et centrés sur la personne. Les SMSS promeuvent

les objectifs spécifiques aux maladies visant à mettre fin au sida et aux épidémies d'hépatite

virale et d'infections sexuellement transmissibles d'ici 2030, avec les

5 orientations stratégiques suivantes fournissant le cadre directeur général

pour atteindre ces objectifs

\n","

O trabalho da OMS/HHS é guiado pelas
Estratégias Globais do Setor de Saúde sobre, respectivamente, HIV, hepatite viral e infecções sexualmente transmissíveis para o período 2022-2030 (GHSS). As novas estratégias propõem uma visão comum para acabar com as epidemias e
avançar a cobertura universal de saúde, atenção primária à saúde e segurança sanitária em um mundo onde todas as pessoas tenham acesso a serviços de saúde de alta qualidade,
baseados em evidências e centrados nas pessoas. As GHSS promovem
as metas específicas para cada doença de acabar com a AIDS e as epidemias de hepatite viral
e infecções sexualmente transmissíveis até 2030, com as
seguintes 5 direções estratégicas fornecendo a estrutura orientadora geral
para alcançar essas metas

\n","

El trabajo de la OMS/HHS se guía por las

Estrategias Mundiales del Sector de la Salud sobre, respectivamente, el VIH, la hepatitis

vírica y las infecciones de transmisión sexual para el período

2022-2030 (GHSS). Las nuevas estrategias proponen una visión común para poner fin a las epidemias y

avanzar hacia la cobertura sanitaria universal, la atención primaria de la salud y la seguridad sanitaria en un mundo donde todas las personas tengan acceso a servicios de salud de alta calidad,

basados en la evidencia y centrados en las personas. Las GHSS promueven

los objetivos específicos para cada enfermedad de poner fin al SIDA y a las epidemias de hepatitis

vírica e infecciones de transmisión sexual para 2030, con las

siguientes 5 orientaciones estratégicas que proporcionan el marco rector general

para alcanzar estos objetivos

\n","

يسترشد عمل منظمة الصحة العالمية/وزارة الصحة والخدمات الإنسانية بـ

الاستراتيجيات العالمية لقطاع الصحة بشأن فيروس نقص المناعة البشري والتهاب الكبد الفيروسي والأمراض المنقولة جنسياً على التوالي للفترة

2022-2030 (GHSS)

. وتقترح الاستراتيجيات الجديدة رؤية مشتركة لإنهاء الأوبئة و

النهوض بالتغطية الصحية الشاملة والرعاية الصحية الأولية والأمن الصحي في عالم يتمتع فيه جميع الناس بإمكانية الحصول على خدمات صحية عالية الجودة

قائمة على الأدلة وتتمحور حول الأفراد. وتعزز الاستراتيجيات العالمية لقطاع الصحة الأهداف

الخاصة بكل مرض لإنهاء الإيدز وأوبئة التهاب الكبد الفيروسي

والأمراض المنقولة جنسياً بحلول عام 2030، مع

توفير التوجهات الاستراتيجية الخمسة التالية الإطار التوجيهي العام

لتحقيق هذه الأهداف

\n","c02b739c-d996-4130-be53-e6d6a02e06d9","HOMEPAGEABOUTUS1",{"_110":10366},{"_112":10367,"_114":10368,"_116":10369,"_118":10370,"_122":10371,"_120":10372},{"_8369":10357,"_8371":10383},{"_8369":10381,"_8371":10382},{"_8369":10379,"_8371":10380},{"_8369":10377,"_8371":10378},{"_8369":10375,"_8371":10376},{"_8369":10373,"_8371":10374},"О нас","

Департамент ВОЗ по глобальному ВИЧ, гепатиту и инфекциям, передаваемым

половым путем (ИППП) (ВОЗ/HHS), работает на всех 3 уровнях

ВОЗ – штаб-квартира, региональные бюро и страновые офисы – а также со

странами и партнерами в целях содействия прогрессу в элиминации ВИЧ,

вирусного гепатита и ИППП как угроз общественному здравоохранению к 2030 году.

\n","À propos de nous","

Le Département OMS du VIH mondial, de l'hépatite et des infections

sexuellement transmissibles (IST) (OMS/HHS) travaille aux 3 niveaux de

l'OMS – siège, bureaux régionaux et bureaux de pays – et avec les

pays et partenaires, afin de progresser vers l'élimination du VIH,

des hépatites virales et des IST en tant que menaces pour la santé publique d'ici 2030.

\n","Sobre nós","

O Departamento de HIV Global, Hepatite e Infecções Sexualmente

Transmissíveis (ISTs) da OMS (OMS/HHS) trabalha em todos os 3 níveis da

OMS – sede, escritórios regionais e escritórios de país – e com

países e parceiros, para impulsionar o progresso rumo à eliminação do HIV,

das hepatites virais e das ISTs como ameaças à saúde pública até 2030.

\n","Acerca de nosotros","

El Departamento de la OMS de VIH Mundial, Hepatitis e Infecciones de

Transmisión Sexual (ITS) (OMS/HHS) trabaja en los 3 niveles de la

OMS – sede, oficinas regionales y oficinas de país – y con

países y socios, para impulsar el progreso hacia la eliminación del VIH,

las hepatitis virales y las ITS como amenazas para la salud pública para 2030.

\n","عنّا","

تعمل إدارة منظمة الصحة العالمية المعنية بفيروس نقص المناعة البشري العالمي والتهاب الكبد والأمراض المنقولة

جنسياً (الأمراض المنقولة جنسياً) (WHO/HHS) عبر جميع مستويات منظمة الصحة العالمية الثلاثة - المقر الرئيسي والمكاتب الإقليمية والمكاتب القطرية - ومع

البلدان والشركاء، لدفع التقدم نحو القضاء على فيروس نقص المناعة البشري،

والتهاب الكبد الفيروسي والأمراض المنقولة جنسياً باعتبارها تهديدات للصحة العامة بحلول عام 2030.

\n","

The WHO Department for HIV, Tuberculosis, Hepatitis and Sexually Transmitted Infections (HTH) works across all 3 levels of WHO – headquarters, regional offices and country offices – and with countries and partners, to drive progress towards eliminating HIV, tuberculosis, viral hepatitis and STIs as public health threats by 2030.

\n","30a060fb-f4a3-410b-a9e9-cfad488802c7","CATEGORIES",{"_110":10387},{"_112":10388,"_116":10389,"_114":10390,"_118":10391,"_122":10392,"_120":10393},{"_8369":10399,"_8371":8372},{"_8369":10398,"_8371":8372},{"_8369":10397,"_8371":8372},{"_8369":10396,"_8371":8372},{"_8369":10395,"_8371":8372},{"_8369":10394,"_8371":8372},"Категории","Catégories","Categorias","الفئات","Categorías","Categories","c5e47be2-132b-4b66-bb85-0dd1c305743e","HOMEPAGEGUIDELINESBANNER",{"_110":10403},{"_112":10404,"_114":10405,"_116":10406,"_118":10407,"_122":10408,"_120":10409},{"_8369":10420,"_8371":10421},{"_8369":10418,"_8371":10419},{"_8369":10416,"_8371":10417},{"_8369":10414,"_8371":10415},{"_8369":10412,"_8371":10413},{"_8369":10410,"_8371":10411},"Руководства по ВИЧ, гепатиту и ИППП","

Отдел глобальных программ по ВИЧ, гепатиту и инфекциям, передаваемым половым путем, возглавляет разработку руководящих принципов в области ВИЧ, вирусного гепатита и инфекций, передаваемых половым путем (ИППП), а также руководящих принципов, сосредоточенных на ключевых аспектах общественного здравоохранения в трех областях инфекционных заболеваний.

\n","Directives sur le VIH, l'hépatite et les IST","

Le Département des Programmes mondiaux sur le VIH, l'hépatite et les infections sexuellement transmissibles mène le développement de lignes directrices dans le domaine du VIH, de l'hépatite virale et des infections sexuellement transmissibles (IST), ainsi que des lignes directrices axées sur les aspects clés de la réponse de santé publique dans les 3 domaines de maladies infectieuses.

\n","Diretrizes sobre HIV, Hepatite e ISTs","

O Departamento de Programas Globais de HIV, Hepatite e Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis lidera o desenvolvimento de diretrizes na área de HIV, hepatite viral e infecções sexualmente transmissíveis (ISTs), bem como diretrizes que focam em aspectos-chave da resposta de saúde pública nos 3 domínios de doenças infecciosas.

\n","Directrices sobre el VIH, la hepatitis y las ITS","

El Departamento de Programas Globales de VIH, Hepatitis e Infecciones de Transmisión Sexual lidera el desarrollo de guías en el área de VIH, hepatitis viral y infecciones de transmisión sexual (ITS), así como guías centradas en aspectos clave de la respuesta de salud pública en los 3 ámbitos de enfermedades infecciosas.

\n","إرشادات حول فيروس نقص المناعة البشرية والتهاب الكبد والأمراض المنقولة جنسياً","

يقود قسم برامج فيروس نقص المناعة البشرية، التهاب الكبد، والعدوى المنقولة جنسيًا تطوير الإرشادات في مجال فيروس نقص المناعة البشرية، التهاب الكبد الفيروسي و العدوى المنقولة جنسيًا (STIs)، بالإضافة إلى إرشادات تركز على الجوانب الرئيسية للاستجابة الصحية العامة <span className='pl-2'>عبر مجالات الأمراض المعدية الثلاثة.

\n","Guidelines on HIV, Hepatitis and STIs","

The Department of Global HIV, Hepatitis and Sexually Transmitted

Infections Programmes leads the development of guidelines in the

area of HIV, viral hepatitis and sexually transmitted infections (STIs), as well as

guidelines focusing on key aspects of the public health response

across the 3 infectious disease areas.

\n","62045039-fc73-45c1-9b80-8496f6110a6f","UNITS",{"_110":10425},{"_112":10426,"_116":10427,"_114":10428,"_118":10429,"_122":10430,"_120":10431},{"_8369":10436,"_8371":8372},{"_8369":10434,"_8371":8372},{"_8369":10435,"_8371":8372},{"_8369":10434,"_8371":8372},{"_8369":10433,"_8371":8372},{"_8369":10432,"_8371":8372},"Единицы измерения","Unités","Unidades","الوحدات","Units","9d5d3edc-8901-45bc-b0c9-dbac5efaf639","CONTENT",{"_110":10440},{"_112":10441,"_118":10442,"_120":10443,"_122":10444,"_114":10445,"_116":10446},{"_8369":10452,"_8371":8372},{"_8369":10451,"_8371":8372},{"_8369":10450,"_8371":8372},{"_8369":10449,"_8371":8372},{"_8369":10448,"_8371":8372},{"_8369":10447,"_8371":8372},"Contenido","محتوى","Contenu","Контент","Conteúdo","Content","9f873fec-c7a1-487f-8673-5e844e85bc73","NOMATCH",{"_110":10456},{"_112":10457,"_114":10458,"_116":10459,"_118":10460,"_122":10461,"_120":10462},{"_8369":10468,"_8371":124},{"_8369":10467,"_8371":124},{"_8369":10466,"_8371":124},{"_8369":10465,"_8371":124},{"_8369":10464,"_8371":124},{"_8369":10463,"_8371":124},"Матч не найдено.","Aucun match trouvé.","Nenhuma correspondência encontrada.","No se encontró ningún partido.","لم يتم العثور على تطابق.","No match found.","f96a668b-19bf-4133-91c8-158cd7a56ebf","MODALTITLETRANSLATIONS",{"_110":10472},{"_112":10473,"_118":10474,"_120":10475,"_122":10476,"_114":10477,"_116":10478},{"_8369":10484,"_8371":8372},{"_8369":10483,"_8371":8372},{"_8369":10482,"_8371":8372},{"_8369":10481,"_8371":8372},{"_8369":10480,"_8371":8372},{"_8369":10479,"_8371":8372},"Confirmar eliminación","تأكيد الحذف","Confirmer la suppression","Подтвердить удаление","Confirmar Exclusão","Confirm Delete","cd2713eb-dd8b-4884-ad91-6080c9ea9c51","TABLEOFCONTENTS",{"_110":10488},{"_112":10489,"_116":10490,"_114":10491,"_118":10492,"_122":10493,"_120":10494},{"_8369":10500,"_8371":8372},{"_8369":10499,"_8371":8372},{"_8369":10498,"_8371":8372},{"_8369":10497,"_8371":8372},{"_8369":10496,"_8371":8372},{"_8369":10495,"_8371":8372},"Оглавление","Table des matières","Índice","جدول المحتويات","Tabla de contenido","Table of Contents","72b9d1c8-f27d-4a91-a3d5-db47751732b8","OPERATIONALHANDBOOKS",{"_110":10504},{"_122":10505,"_116":10506,"_114":10507,"_120":10508,"_118":10509},{"_8369":10514},{"_8369":10513},{"_8369":10512},{"_8369":10511},{"_8369":10510},"Manuais Operacionais","Прикладные пособия","الكتيبات التنفيذية","Manuales operativos","Manuels Opérationnels","14c17f0f-919d-4629-9165-e1c8defbcb1e","SEARCH",{"_110":10518},{"_112":10519,"_118":10520,"_120":10521,"_122":10522,"_114":10523,"_116":10524},{"_8369":8414,"_8371":8372},{"_8369":8409,"_8371":8372},{"_8369":10526,"_8371":8372},{"_8369":8405,"_8371":8372},{"_8369":10525,"_8371":8372},{"_8369":8409,"_8371":8372},"بحث","Поиск","8b6ed360-a1d5-4a4a-98e3-2fc9f0e1fd1a","ADMIN",{"_110":10530},{"_112":10531,"_118":10532,"_120":10533,"_122":10534,"_114":10535,"_116":10536},{"_8369":10537,"_8371":8372},{"_8369":10537,"_8371":8372},{"_8369":10539,"_8371":8372},{"_8369":10537,"_8371":8372},{"_8369":10538,"_8371":8372},{"_8369":10537,"_8371":8372},"Admin","مسؤول","Администратор","e55bf6fb-8d13-48f4-be92-61f16fab707c","SHOWLESSRESOURCES",{"_110":10543},{"_112":10544,"_116":10545,"_114":10546,"_118":10547,"_122":10548,"_120":10549},{"_8369":10555,"_8371":8372},{"_8369":10554,"_8371":8372},{"_8369":10553,"_8371":8372},{"_8369":10552,"_8371":8372},{"_8369":10551,"_8371":8372},{"_8369":10550,"_8371":8372},"Показывать меньше ресурсов","Montrer moins de ressources","Mostre menos recursos","إظهار موارد أقل","Mostrar menos recursos","Show less resources","feead781-cd56-47d0-8973-5c6c9dbfab30","PRESETS",{"_110":10559},{"_112":10560,"_116":10561,"_114":10562,"_118":10563,"_122":10564,"_120":10565},{"_8369":10571,"_8371":8372},{"_8369":10570,"_8371":8372},{"_8369":10569,"_8371":8372},{"_8369":10568,"_8371":8372},{"_8369":10567,"_8371":8372},{"_8369":10566,"_8371":8372},"Предустановка","Préréglages","Predefinições","الإعدادات المسبقة","Preajustes","Presets","debe7912-65a7-4d43-8e47-f9934c034d1f","JOINED",{"_110":10575},{"_112":10576,"_116":10577,"_114":10578,"_118":10579,"_122":10580,"_120":10581},{"_8369":10587,"_8371":8372},{"_8369":10586,"_8371":8372},{"_8369":10585,"_8371":8372},{"_8369":10584,"_8371":8372},{"_8369":10583,"_8371":8372},{"_8369":10582,"_8371":8372},"Присоединился","Joint","Ingressou","انضم","Unido","Joined","68fbc5ac-54db-4478-a066-d56301c9a403","GUIDELINES",{"_110":10591},{"_112":10592,"_118":10593,"_120":10594,"_122":10595,"_114":10596,"_116":10597},{"_8369":10603,"_8371":8372},{"_8369":10602,"_8371":8372},{"_8369":10601,"_8371":8372},{"_8369":10600,"_8371":8372},{"_8369":10599,"_8371":8372},{"_8369":10598,"_8371":8372},"Directrices","مبادئ توجيهية","Lignes directrices","Руководящие принципы","Diretrizes","Guidelines","5859ad01-f83b-4707-8e7e-5532bfd377a7",{"_110":10606},{"_112":10607,"_118":10608,"_120":10609,"_122":10610,"_114":10611,"_116":10612},{"_8369":5499,"_8371":8372},{"_8369":5499,"_8371":8372},{"_8369":8638,"_8371":8372},{"_8369":8636,"_8371":8372},{"_8369":8637,"_8371":8372},{"_8369":8636,"_8371":8372},"fff424d2-9948-42fb-aad2-3ab91a568c6f","HOMEPAGEABOUTUSLISTLI2",{"_110":10616},{"_112":10617,"_118":10618,"_120":10619,"_122":10620,"_114":10621,"_116":10622},{"_8369":10625,"_8371":10630},{"_8369":10625,"_8371":10629},{"_8369":10625,"_8371":10628},{"_8369":10625,"_8371":10627},{"_8369":10625,"_8371":10626},{"_8369":10623,"_8371":10624},"LI2","

Optimizar sistemas, sectores y alianzas para generar impacto

\n","li2","

تحسين النظم والقطاعات والشراكات لتحقيق الأثر

\n","

Optimiser les systèmes, les secteurs et les partenariats pour un impact maximal

\n","

Оптимизировать системы, сектора и партнерства для достижения эффекта

\n","

Otimizar sistemas, setores e parcerias para gerar impacto

\n","

Optimize systems, sectors and partnerships for impact

\n","0608c797-a785-4b99-b6da-d20a7a4197e9","HIVGUIDELINES",{"_110":10634},{"_112":10635,"_118":10636,"_120":10637,"_122":10638,"_114":10639,"_116":10640},{"_8369":10646,"_8371":8372},{"_8369":10645,"_8371":8372},{"_8369":10644,"_8371":8372},{"_8369":10643,"_8371":8372},{"_8369":10642,"_8371":8372},{"_8369":10641,"_8371":8372},"Guías sobre el VIH","إرشادات فيروس نقص المناعة البشري","Recommandations concernant le VIH","Руководства по ВИЧ","Diretrizes de HIV","HIV Guidelines","501370e1-50f2-4f18-8c07-f451fde8fa2d","HOMEPAGEABOUTUSLISTLI5",{"_110":10650},{"_112":10651,"_118":10652,"_120":10653,"_122":10654,"_114":10655,"_116":10656},{"_8369":10657,"_8371":10663},{"_8369":10657,"_8371":10662},{"_8369":10657,"_8371":10661},{"_8369":10657,"_8371":10660},{"_8369":10657,"_8371":10659},{"_8369":10657,"_8371":10658},"li5","

Fomentar innovaciones para generar impacto

\n","

تعزيز الابتكارات لتحقيق الأثر

\n","

Encourager les innovations pour un impact maximal

\n","

Содействовать инновациям для достижения эффекта

\n","

Promover inovações para gerar impacto

\n","

Foster innovations for impact

\n","64c4c5e4-ee17-41c3-82e0-7b585e3f1316","CONSOLIDATEDGUIDELINES",{"_110":10667},{"_122":10668,"_116":10669,"_114":10670,"_120":10671},{"_8369":10675},{"_8369":10674},{"_8369":10673},{"_8369":10672},"Сводное руководство","المبادئ التوجيهية الموحدة","Guías consolidadas","Lignes directrices consolidées","10624688-ed5c-44c0-ac00-d29776b07055","CROSSCUTTING",{"_110":10679},{"_112":10680,"_118":10681,"_120":10682,"_122":10683,"_114":10684,"_116":10685},{"_8369":10689,"_8371":8372},{"_8369":10686,"_8371":8372},{"_8369":10688,"_8371":8372},{"_8369":10686,"_8371":8372},{"_8369":10687,"_8371":8372},{"_8369":10686,"_8371":8372},"Transversal","شامل","Сквозной","Cross Cutting","3964d737-c6a2-405c-a780-c45aad8fde9e","HEPATITIS",{"_110":10693},{"_112":10694,"_118":10695,"_120":10696,"_122":10697,"_114":10698,"_116":10699},{"_8369":8606,"_8371":8372},{"_8369":8610,"_8371":8372},{"_8369":8609,"_8371":8372},{"_8369":8608,"_8371":8372},{"_8369":8607,"_8371":8372},{"_8369":8606,"_8371":8372},"92be6d0c-0110-4e66-ab68-fca0e8130f93","ROLES",{"_110":10703},{"_112":10704,"_118":10705,"_120":10706,"_122":10707,"_114":10708,"_116":10709},{"_8369":10710,"_8371":8372},{"_8369":10714,"_8371":8372},{"_8369":10713,"_8371":8372},{"_8369":10712,"_8371":8372},{"_8369":10711,"_8371":8372},{"_8369":10710,"_8371":8372},"Roles","أدوار","Rôles","Роли","Funções","cd0e8bd1-8875-4a6a-8148-27e1aa71605f","MENU",{"_110":10718},{"_112":10719,"_118":10720,"_120":10721,"_122":10722,"_114":10723,"_116":10724},{"_8369":10727,"_8371":8372},{"_8369":10727,"_8371":8372},{"_8369":10728,"_8371":8372},{"_8369":10727,"_8371":8372},{"_8369":10726,"_8371":8372},{"_8369":10725,"_8371":8372},"Menú","قائمة","Menu","Меню","32ff707a-8f2e-48d6-a978-c5e03257b50a","HOMEPAGEABOUTUSLISTLI1",{"_110":10732},{"_112":10733,"_118":10734,"_120":10735,"_122":10736,"_114":10737,"_116":10738},{"_8369":10739,"_8371":10745},{"_8369":10739,"_8371":10744},{"_8369":10739,"_8371":10743},{"_8369":10739,"_8371":10742},{"_8369":10739,"_8371":10741},{"_8369":10739,"_8371":10740},"li1","

Ofrecer servicios de alta calidad, basados en evidencia y centrados en las personas

\n","

تقديم خدمات عالية الجودة قائمة على الأدلة تتمحور حول الأفراد

\n","

Fournir des services de haute qualité, fondés sur des données probantes et centrés sur les personnes

\n","

Предоставлять высококачественные, основанные на фактических данных и ориентированные на людей услуги

\n","

Fornecer serviços de alta qualidade, baseados em evidências e centrados nas pessoas

\n","

Deliver high-quality evidence-based people-centred services

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Effective and efficient TB diagnostic algorithms are key components of a diagnostic cascade that is designed to ensure that people with TB disease or TB infection are diagnosed accurately and rapidly, and promptly placed on appropriate therapy. In turn, that therapy should improve patient outcomes, reduce transmission and avoid development of drug resistance. This section presents a set of four model algorithms that incorporate the goals of the End TB Strategy and the most recent WHO recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of TB, DR-TB and TB infection. The model algorithms should be adapted to the local situation.

When adapting a diagnostic algorithm to local settings, it is important to consider the characteristics of the population being served. The four algorithms are as follows:

Algorithm 1 is the general algorithm that relies on WRDs, such as low- or moderate-complexity NAATs, as the initial diagnostic tests and is appropriate for all settings, although the choice of which mWRD to use may differ in a setting with a high prevalence of MDR/RR-TB (e.g. a test that detects MTBC and RIF with or without INH resistance may be needed), HIV (e.g. a more sensitive test may be needed) or Hr-TB (e.g. a test that detects MTBC, RIF and INH resistance simultaneously will be needed). The algorithm considers the new recommendations on concurrent testing (including use of LF-LAM) for specified risk groups as the first step before results interpretation and management.
Algorithm 2 and Algorithm 3 are for follow-up testing, after TB is diagnosed, to detect additional drug resistance:
- Algorithms 2a and 2b are used when the purpose is to detect resistance to second-line drugs in people with RR-TB; the choice depends on the availability of targeted NGS.
- Algorithm 3 is used when the purpose is to detect resistance in individuals with RIFsusceptible TB who are at risk of having DR-TB and those with Hr-TB. Molecular testing is preferred, but any existing WRD may be used. Targeted NGS is a valuable addition for Algorithm 2 and 3 because these tests can detect mutations associated with resistance to many anti-TB medicines; also, these molecular tests are useful for people at high risk of having DR-TB (e.g. people in whom therapy is failing).
Algorithm 4 is the model algorithm for diagnosing TB infection performed based on the recommendations in the WHO consolidated guidelines for tuberculosis: module 2: screening (81). Testing for TB infection should only be conducted after ruling out TB disease.

Algorithms 2 and 3 are appropriate for all settings; however, the resource requirements for follow-up testing may differ widely between settings with a high or low burden of DR-TB.

Each algorithm is accompanied by explanatory notes and a decision pathway that provides a detailed description of considerations for how test results may be used to guide patient care. In general, the algorithms are not necessarily test-specific; rather, they present classes of tests that share expected result categories (e.g. “TB detected”) and their follow-up actions.

TB screening strategies

The diagnosis of TB begins with a person identified as presumed to have TB disease through assessment of signs and symptoms, or screened using another approach. WHO has released updated recommendations on TB screening, and readers are encouraged to consult the latest guidance (54, 81). People presumed to have TB may not always present with symptoms that match the latest screening recommendations, but they still have an increased probability of TB disease that requires diagnostic testing. The modalities for screening, beyond the four-symptom screen, now include CXR, an mWRD used as a screening tool or C-reactive protein in people living with HIV. The addition of mWRD for screening of selected at-risk populations and settings goes beyond its primary use as an initial diagnostic tool; the different uses should not be confused and are further described elsewhere (54). However, priority should be given to ensuring universal access to mWRDs as a diagnostic test for TB and DR-TB before extending its use to screening. Furthermore, the use of mWRDs as a screening test should be considered carefully because it would have large financial and operational implications (e.g. are there enough tests and testing capacity to use mWRDs for screening, in addition to what is needed to conduct all testing for the initial diagnosis and detection of RIF resistance). The methods for screening for TB are described in detail in the latest operational handbook on screening (54). It is important to consider prevalence and pretest probability when choosing a screening strategy, especially in scenarios where mWRDs are used in a screening context rather than for diagnostic testing.

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